Toxic reactions and side effects of glucocorticoids in man

Bond, William S.

doi:10.1093/ajhp/34.5.0479

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Glucocorticoids exert beneficial effects after acute CNS injury in humans and experimental animals [ 94 ]. Important data show that GC may have a disease-modifying effect in addition to their well-documented anti-inflammatory actions [ 18 ]. In fact, the therapeutic management of long-term pathologies with steroids is often linked to a series of unwanted side effects, involving the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, the cardiovascular system, as well as the fat and bone metabolism [ 8 ].…”

Section: Effect Of Melatonin On Traumatic Cns Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiinflammatory Activity of Melatonin in Central Nervous System

Esposito

Cuzzocrea²

2010

356

240

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Melatonin is mainly produced in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase. Its secretion from the pineal gland has been classically associated with circadian and circanual rhythm regulation. However, melatonin production is not confined exclusively to the pineal gland, but other tissues including retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow and lens also produce it. Several studies have shown that melatonin reduces chronic and acute inflammation. The immunomodulatory properties of melatonin are well known; it acts on the immune system by regulating cytokine production of immunocompetent cells. Experimental and clinical data showing that melatonin reduces adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines and modifies serum inflammatory parameters. As a consequence, melatonin improves the clinical course of illnesses which have an inflammatory etiology. Moreover, experimental evidence supports its actions as a direct and indirect antioxidant, scavenging free radicals, stimulating antioxidant enzymes, enhancing the activities of other antioxidants or protecting other antioxidant enzymes from oxidative damage. Several encouraging clinical studies suggest that melatonin is a neuroprotective molecule in neurodegenerative disorders where brain oxidative damage has been implicated as a common link. In this review, the authors examine the effect of melatonin on several neurological diseases with inflammatory components, including dementia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and brain ischemia/reperfusion but also in traumatic CNS injuries (traumatic brain and spinal cord injury)

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Section: Effect Of Melatonin On Traumatic Cns Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiinflammatory Activity of Melatonin in Central Nervous System

Esposito

Cuzzocrea²

2010

356

240

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“…1 Both the authors contributed equally to this work. ever, these immunosuppressive agents including glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, and even cyclosporin A, are usually have severe side effects because of their non-selective target to the process of immune response and to the cell populations involved (Bond, 1977;Sitzia and Huggins, 1998;Williams and Coleman, 1995). They have the immunosuppressive activity together with cell toxicity which means that they exert the activity through the damage to the cells, such as triptolide (Brinker et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect of flavones isolated from Artemisia vestita

Yin

Gong

et al. 2008

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

131

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“…The potential morbidity and side effects acceptable in the therapeutic trade-off must also, of course, be considered. 14 Of the many potential side effects of corticosteroids (table continued A corticosteroid-managed patient presenting with complaints of new-onset pain-especially of the hips, knees, or shoulders-should be suspected of having aseptic necrosis.…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticosteroids for rheumatic disease

Jamieson¹

1986

Postgraduate Medicine

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Of the corticosteroid preparations available, the intermediate-acting agents are the preparations most commonly used in the rheumatic diseases. Careful tailoring of dosage is important to avoid adrenal atrophy and signs of adrenocortical hypofunction. The best regimen in a given patient depends on the amount of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive activity required. The therapeutic strategies in use include pulse therapy, daily high-dose therapy, daily low-dose therapy, and alternate-day dosing. The latter two methods are preferable because of the decreased likelihood of adverse reactions, yet are not sufficient in cases of fulminant systemic inflammatory processes.

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Toxic reactions and side effects of glucocorticoids in man

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Antiinflammatory Activity of Melatonin in Central Nervous System

Antiinflammatory Activity of Melatonin in Central Nervous System

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect of flavones isolated from Artemisia vestita

Corticosteroids for rheumatic disease

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