Toxicity studies on dermal application of plant extract of Plumbago zeylanica used in Ethiopian traditional medicine

Teshome, Kefale; Gebre‐Mariam, Tsige; Asres, Kaleab; Perry, Franklin; Engidawork, Ephrem

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.036

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This leads in turn to release the MVO into the surroundings resulting in good antifungal activity (30). The skin irritation study suggest the appropriateness of chitosan to diminish erythematous and edematous episodes produced by MVO as microencapsulation might have reduced its direct contact with the stratum corneum (31). Surface oil is an important factor influencing the stability of the microspheres as the surface oil can easily oxidize resulting in unacceptable off-flavors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Mentha Oil in Chitosan Polymer Matrix Alleviates Skin Irritation

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Mentha spicata L. var. viridis oil (MVO) is a potent antifungal agent, but its application in the topical treatment is limited due to its irritancy and volatility. It was aimed to develop more efficient, chitosan-incrusted MVO microspheres with reduced volatility and lesser irritancy and to dispense it in the form of ointment. Simple coacervation technique was employed to microencapsulate MVO in chitosan matrix. Morphological properties and polymer cross-linking were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Optimization was carried out on the basis of entrapment efficiency (EE) using response surface methodology. Well-designed microspheres having smooth surface and spherical shape were observed. EE (81.20%) of optimum batch (R21) was found at 1.62%w/v of cross-linker, 5.4:5 of MVO to chitosan ratio and at 1000 rpm. R21 showed 69.38±1.29% in vitro MVO release in 12 h and 96.92% retention of MVO in microspheres even after 8 week. Ointments of PEG 4000 and PEG 400 comprising MVO (F1) and R21 (F2) were developed separately. F2 showed comparatively broader zone of growth inhibition (13.33±1.76-18.67±0.88 mm) and less irritancy (PII 0.5833, irritation barely perceptible) than that of F1. F2 was able to avoid the direct contact of mild irritant MVO with the skin and to reduce its rapid volatility. Controlled release of MVO helped in lengthening the duration of availability of MVO in agar media and hence improved its therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, a stable and non-irritant formulation with improved therapeutic potential was developed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Mentha Oil in Chitosan Polymer Matrix Alleviates Skin Irritation

et al. 2015

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“…Bu maçla öncelikle maya hücreleri besi ortamından santrifüj edilerek toplandı ve Wang vd'nin [11] [12]. Folmer vd.…”

Section: Materyal Ve Yöntemunclassified

“…Ancak bu çalışmada, bitki özütü eklenen grupta glutatyon, SOD ve CAT düzeylerinin diğer gruplara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde azaldığını belirledik. P. europea özütü içerisindeki toksik etki gösteren bileşiklerin bulunması [12], hücre antioksidan sistemini baskılayarak oksidasyon düzeyinde artışa neden olmuş olabilir. Bu durum sonucunda lipid oksidasyon düzeyinin artış gösterdiğini düşünmekteyiz.…”

Section: Sod Cat Ve Glutatyon Düzeyleriunclassified

Plumbago europaea L.’nın Besi Yeri Ortamındaki Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Bircan¹,

Kırbağ²

2015

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖzetPlumbaginaceae ailesinin bir üyesi olan P. europea, antibakteriyal, antifungal, antikanser ve antimutajenik özellik gösteren medikal bir bitkidir. Bu çalışma S. cerevisiae kültür ortamında oluşturulan oksidatif strese karşı P. europea özütünün antioksidan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada kullanılan S. cerevisiae besiyerinde çoğaltıldı ve oksidatif stres oluşturmak amacıyla ortama H 2 O 2 + FeCl 2 (bitki grubuna H 2 O 2 + FeCl 2 ilave olarak P. europea özütü (PLM)) eklendi. P. europea'nın maya kültür ortamında oluşturulan oksidadtif strese karşı koruyucu etkisi malondialdehit (MDA) seviyesi, glutatyon, total protein ve süperoksit dismütaz (SOD) düzeylerini ölçülerek belirlendi. Bitki özütü eklenen grupta MDA ve total protein seviyeleri reaktif grubuna (FR) kıyasla arttı ancak glutatyon miktarı anlamlı seviyede azaldı (p<0.05). Sodyum dodesil sülfatlı-poliakrilamit jel elektroforezi (SDS-Page) analizinde ise SOD ve katalaz (CAT) miktarının FR grubuna kıyasla azaldığı tespit edildi. Çalışma sonuçlarımız P. europea'nın maya kültürü üzerine oksidan etki gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu etkinin nasıl meydana geldiği veya maya üzerine hangi bileşiklerin toksik etki gösterdiğini belirlemek için kapsamlı araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Plumbago europea, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, antioksidan aktivite, toplam protein The Effect of Plumbago europaea L. on Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Medium AbstractThe P. europea is a medical plant having antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antimutagen characteristic as a member of Plumbaginacea family. This study was achieved to determine the antioxidant effects of the P. europea extract against oxidative stress to be formed in S. cerevisiae media. The S. cerevisiae that was used in the study, was proliferated in the medium and the media was added H 2 O 2 + FeCl 2 (to the plant group H 2 O 2 + FeCl 2 plus P. europea extract (PLM)) to form the oxidative stress. The protective effect of the P. europea against oxidative stress to be formed in yeast culture media was determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, total protein and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The levels of MDA and total protein in the group that was added plant extract, with compare to the reactive group (FR), however the amount of the glutathione significantly decreased (p<0.05). The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis indicated that the SOD and catalase (CAT) amounts were seen to be reduced with compare the FR group. The conclusions of our study indicate that P. europea has oxidant effects on yeast culture. There are more comprehensive studies to be done to explain how this effect occur or which compounds have toxic effects on the yeast.

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“…Toxicity is an expression of being poisonous, indicating the state of adverse effects caused by the interaction between toxicants and cells (Syahmi et al, 2010). Despite the advances in the understanding of the medicinal properties of many herbs and the increased acceptance and utilization of medicinal plants worldwide, the consumer today is confronted with the lack of information or with misinformation concerning the safety of these herbs that rivals the heyday of the patent medicine era (Teshome et al, 2010). Hence, many medicinal plants are used indiscriminately without recourse to any safety test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, many medicinal plants are used indiscriminately without recourse to any safety test. Thus, the need for toxicity tests to determine the safe dose for oral consumption (Teshome et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of three South African medicinal plants using the Chang liver cell line

Otang¹,

Grierson²,

Venter³

et al. 2014

Planta Med

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Background: Arctotis arctotoides, Gasteria bicolor and Pittosporum viridiflorum are commonly used in the Eastern Cape, South Africa by traditional healers for the treatment of opportunistic fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of published data regarding the toxicity of the selected plants, despite the fact that experimental screening of toxicity is crucial to guarantee the safety of the users. Materials and Methods: Therefore, it was decided to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the hexane and acetone extracts of the medicinal plants against the Chang Liver cell line using the in vitro MTT assay. Different concentrations of the extracts were added into 24-hour cultured cells and incubated for 72 hours under specific condition (37°C, 5% CO 2 ). Cell survival was evaluated using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Depending on the dosage and duration of treatment, the cytotoxic effects of Gasteria bicolor and Pittosporum viridiflorum were considered relatively weak (but not entirely absent) and less of a toxicity risk. Arctotis arctotoides extracts were the most toxic both in terms of IC 50 values as well as the steeper slope of the dose response curve. The IC 50 values for the acetone and hexane extracts of this plant were 17.4 and 12.4 μg/ml respectively. Conclusion: These relatively low values raise concern for potential hepatotoxic effects and deserve further investigation or at least a warning to potential users.

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Toxicity studies on dermal application of plant extract of Plumbago zeylanica used in Ethiopian traditional medicine

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Encapsulation of Mentha Oil in Chitosan Polymer Matrix Alleviates Skin Irritation

Encapsulation of Mentha Oil in Chitosan Polymer Matrix Alleviates Skin Irritation

Plumbago europaea L.’nın Besi Yeri Ortamındaki Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Cytotoxicity of three South African medicinal plants using the Chang liver cell line

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