Toxicogenomics and cancer pathogenesis

Abstract

Abstract-Toxicogenomics is emerging field give idea of the application of large-scale differential gene expression data to toxicology, starting to influence drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. Its future potential in cancer pathogenesis, study of poisons and poisoning and has an ancient and venerable history. Toxicogenomics is the merging of toxicology with technologies that have been developed, together with bioinformatics, to identify and quantify global gene expression changes for gene therapy. Immunotoxic processes and the development of in vitro screening assays is therefore expected to be of value for mechanistic insight into immunotoxicity and hazard identification of existing and novel compounds. Successful application of toxicogenomic approaches, such as DNA microarrays, inextricably relies on appropriate data management, the ability to extract knowledge from massive amounts of data and the availability of functional information for data interpretation. Toxicogenomics is considered a valuable tool for reducing pharmaceutical candidate attrition by facilitating earlier identification, prediction and understanding of toxicities. Pharmaco-epidemiological (toxicogenomics) data is now available for both antiepileptic drugs, evidence for human carcinogenicity. Therapeutic researches converge triad of rejuvenation, regeneration or replacement strategies that rely on self-healing processes, stem cell regeneration organ transplantation. Metastases studies usually display more genetic changes than the primary tumour. Helix-loop-helix application in translational and functional toxicogenomics transcription factors has been implicated in diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration.