Toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls

doi:10.15620/cdc:59198

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 677 publications

(2,277 reference statements)

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“…• Organophosphate compounds, which are associated with reduced head circumference at birth (a measure of delayed brain development), developmental delays, cognitive impairments, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [236][237][238]. • Perfluorinated compounds, such as PFOA and PFOS, which have been linked to decreased fetal growth [239,240], decreased birth weight, reduced head circumference in newborn infants and increased risk of ADHD [241]. Exposures to PFAS compounds are associated additionally with hepatic toxicity, increases in serum lipid levels, increased risk of thyroid disease, suppression of immune function [242], and decreased fertility [239,240,243].…”

Section: • Developmental Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Perfluorinated compounds, such as PFOA and PFOS, which have been linked to decreased fetal growth [239,240], decreased birth weight, reduced head circumference in newborn infants and increased risk of ADHD [241]. Exposures to PFAS compounds are associated additionally with hepatic toxicity, increases in serum lipid levels, increased risk of thyroid disease, suppression of immune function [242], and decreased fertility [239,240,243]. • p,p'-DDE, the principal metabolite of the insecti- cide, DDT, which affects birth weight [232].…”

Section: • Developmental Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Landrigan

Stegeman

Fleming

et al. 2020

Annals of Global Health

402

170

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Methods: Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention. Environmental Findings: Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low-and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources-coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths. Ecosystem Findings: Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks. Human Health Findings: Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals-phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals...

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Section: • Developmental Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: • Developmental Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Landrigan

Stegeman

Fleming

et al. 2020

Annals of Global Health

402

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For the past several years, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been a high-profile issue for the water sector and the public. Certain PFAS have been associated with adverse health effects, including cancer, immune system dysfunction, liver damage, and hormone disruption ( Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry [ATSDR], 2018 ). US EPA has set oral noncancer reference doses for both perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) ( US EPA, 2016a , 2016b ) and issued drinking water health advisories of 70 ppt (parts per trillion, or ng/L) for combined concentrations of PFOA and PFOS ( US EPA, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates

et al. 2021

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be managed. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long-term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS-laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) such as perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) are synthetic chemicals that are widely used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications . Their toxicity, ubiquitous presence, long half-life in humans, and tendency toward bioaccumulation and biomagnification make them a potential threat to humans . As a consequence of their properties, there have been agreements and regulations on phasing out the industrial use of certain PFASs since 2000, − which has resulted in their decline in the blood of exposed populations in Western countries in recent years .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Thyroid Hormones, and DIO Genes: A Spanish Cross-sectional Study

Sarzo

Ballesteros

Íñiguez

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Results of studies on perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and thyroid hormones (THs) are heterogeneous, and the mechanisms underlying the action of PFASs to target THs have not been fully characterized. We examined the relation between first-trimester maternal PFAS and TH levels and the role played by polymorphisms in the iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1) and 2 (DIO2) genes in this association. Our sample comprised 919 pregnant Spanish women (recruitment = 2003–2008) with measurements of perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and free thyroxine (FT4), and we genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DIO1 (rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs12885300) genes. We performed multivariate regression analyses between PFASs and THs and included the interaction term PFAS–genotypes in the models. PFHxS was associated with an increase in TSH (% change in outcome [95% CI] per 2-fold PFAS increase = 6.09 [−0.71, 13.4]), and PFOA and PFNA were associated with a decrease in TT3 (−7.17 [−13.5, −0.39] and −6.28 [−12.3, 0.12], respectively). We found stronger associations between PFOA, PFNA, and TT3 for DIO1–CC and DIO2–CT genotypes, although interaction p-values were not significant. In conclusion, this study found evidence of an inverse association between PFOA and TT3 levels. No clear effect modification by DIO enzyme genes was observed.

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Toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls

Cited by 30 publications

References 677 publications

Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Human Health and Ocean Pollution

Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates

Maternal Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Thyroid Hormones, and DIO Genes: A Spanish Cross-sectional Study

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