Toxicological tests on flavouring matters

Flavouring Group Evaluation 16, Revision 2 (FGE.16Rev2): Aromatic ketones from chemical group 21

“…The LOAEL for the candidate substance is close to a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 33 mg/kg bw established by a 90 day study on the supporting substance methyl 2-naphthyl ketone [FL-no: 07.013]. Doses of 33 and 37 mg methyl 2-naphthyl ketone/kg bw were administered via the diet to male and female rats (15/sex/group), respectively (Oser et al, 1965). No effects on growth, food consumption, haematology, blood chemistry, liver and kidney weights or on gross and microscopic appearance of major organs were found.…”

“…Doses of 33 and 37 mg methyl 2-naphthyl ketone/kg bw were administered via the diet to male and female rats (15/sex/group), respectively (Oser et al, 1965). Doses of 33 and 37 mg methyl 2-naphthyl ketone/kg bw were administered via the diet to male and female rats (15/sex/group), respectively (Oser et al, 1965).…”

Phase‐Dependent Stability and Substrate‐Induced Deactivation by Strong Metal‐Support Interaction of Ru/TiO2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid

“…Two platform molecules of particular potential are biomass‐derived levulinic acid (LA) and γ‐valerolactone (GVL), both of which received much attention given their relative ease of synthesis and manifold potential applications ,. Indeed, LA can be obtained in one step from lignocellulosic biomass by a simple hydrolysis process and can be converted to GVL in another single step, with GVL finding possible application as a green solvent, food additive and as intermediate for the production of bulk polymers and advanced biofuels ,…”

“…[1] Two platform molecules of particular potential are biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) and γvalerolactone (GVL), both of which received much attention given their relative ease of synthesis and manifold potential applications. [2,3] Indeed, LA can be obtained in one step from lignocellulosic biomass by a simple hydrolysis process [4] and can be converted to GVL in another single step, with GVL finding possible application as a green solvent, [5] food additive [6] and as intermediate for the production of bulk polymers and advanced biofuels. [4,7] The production of GVL by hydrogenation of LA has received much attention, having been extensively studied both in the gas and liquid phase and with different reductants, including molecular hydrogen , formic acid and alcohols.…”

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α-Irone, CAS registry number 79-69-6

“…The repeated dose toxicity data on α-irone are sufficient for the repeated dose toxicity endpoint. A dietary 90-day subchronic toxicity study was conducted in rats which determined the NOAEL to be 5.2 and 5.9 mg/kg/day, in males and females, respectively, as it was the only dosage tested (Oser et al, 1965). Therefore, the MOE is equal to the NOAEL in mg/kg/day divided by total systemic exposure, 5.2/0.0061 or 852.…”