Toxin Responsible for Xanthid Crab Poisoning in Tinh Gia District, Thanh Hoa Province, Viet Nam

Recovery of tetrodotoxin from pufferfish viscera extract by amine-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites

“…The viscera parts were frozen and stored below −20 °C until use. For toxin extraction, TTX derivatives were extracted according to modified procedures that were described by Brillantes et al 36 and Dao et al 37 Briefly, pufferfish viscera of 5 kg was thawed at room temperature, followed by mechanical grinding with 6 L of 1% acetic acid (v/v). The mixture was mechanically stirred overnight, followed by boiling under heat for 20 min for protein precipitation.…”

“…To determine TTX derivatives in pufferfish viscera extract, the extract obtained from Section 2.2 was priorly treated using an ENVI-carb SPE cartridge 250 mg (Sigma Aldrich Japan, Tokyo, Japan), diluted by four-fold diluted acetonitrile. 37 TTX derivatives were quantified by using a protocol and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HILIC/MS-MS) coupled with Shimadzu system triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (LCMS-8040; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) that were described by Dao et al 38 The HILIC separation was performed using a Waters Xbrige (HILIC) Amide column (4.6 mm I.D × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) at 60 °C with 5 μl sample volume injected. Mobile phases were water/formic acid/ammonium hydroxide (500 : 0.075 : 0.3 v/v/v) (A); acetonitrile/water/formic acid (700 : 300 : 0.1 v/v/v) (B) with a flow rate of 0.6 mL min −1 .…”