Trace element composition of stibnite: Substitution mechanism and implications for the genesis of Sb deposits in southern China

Fu, Shanling; Hu, Ronggui; Bi, Xian‐Wu; Sullivan, Neal A.; Yan, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104637

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

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Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Bulk geochemical analysis revealed enrichment in Co (<1.8 ppm), Ag (<1.2 ppm), Ga (<0.16 ppm), Ce (<0.12 ppm), La (<0.4 ppm), Au (<0.05 ppm), Cd (<0.05 ppm), and Bi (<0.03 ppm) (Table 1). The depletion in Hg is profound (Table 1) and is in contrast to the Hg enriched character of the Sb ores located in SE China, where the formation of the epithermal deposits is ascribed to mineralizing fluids enriched in Sb-As-Hg-(Au-Tl-U) [16,21]. Noteworthy are the relatively elevated concentrations of Ce (<0.32 ppm) and La (<86 ppm), as REEs are not commonly incorporated in epithermal systems [10].…”

Section: Genesis and Geochemistry Of The Epithermal Quartz-stibnite Veins At Gerakariomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The trace elemental study of stibnite by means of LA-ICP-MS needs further development [16]. To our knowledge, this study presents for the first time the mineral chemistry of stibnite from epithermal veins found in the periphery of a porphyry system [16]. Stibnite (Stb1) at Gerakario is enriched in base metals (As, Cu, Pb) and bears weak to moderate contents of critical and rare metals (Ag, Bi, Ce, La, Re, Sm, Th, Ti, Tl) (Table 2, Figure 6).…”

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is depleted in Au, Hg, Se, and Te with concentrations below detection limits (Table 2). The depletion of Hg in stibnite contrasts to the Hg enrichment in stibnite from SE China [16]. In addition, the depletion of Au +1 as solid solutions in stibnite and the presence of native gold in interstices of the quartz-stibnite veins [45] indicate that Au precipitation slightly followed Sb precipitation.…”

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentrations of As, Cu, and Pb in stibnite can be attributed to the stoichiometric substitutions of Sb (2Sb 3+ ↔ Cu ++ Pb 2++ As 3+ ), as well as, in some cases, to invisible nanoparticles or to higher incorporation of an element in a specific sector zone, as the LA-ICP-MS depth profiles locally consist of a series of peaks of slightly varying size (Figure 10a,b) [16]. In addition, Cu and Pb exhibit a more consistent distribution in stibnite relatively to the As distribution (Table 2).…”

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Fluid Inclusion and Critical/Rare Metal Study of Epithermal Quartz-Stibnite Veins Associated with the Gerakario Porphyry Deposit, Northern Greece

et al. 2022

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The Gerakario Cu-Au porphyry deposit in the Kilkis ore district, northern Greece, contains epithermal quartz-stibnite veins on the eastern side of the deposit, which crosscut a two-mica gneiss. Metallic mineralization in these veins consists of stibnite + berthierite + native antimony + pyrite + arsenopyrite, and minor marcasite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, löllingite, and native gold. Bulk geochemical analyses of the ore reveal an enrichment in critical and rare metals, including Ag, Au, Bi, Ce, Co, Ga, La, and Sb. Analysis of stibnite with LA-ICP-MS showed an enrichment in base metals (As, Cu, Pb), as well as weak to moderate contents of critical and rare metals (Ag, Bi, Ce, La, Re, Sm, Th, Ti, Tl). A statistical analysis of the trace elements show a positive correlation for the elemental pairs Ce-La, Ce-Sb, and La-Sb, and a negative correlation for the pair Bi-Sb. Fluid inclusions in the A-type veins of the porphyry-style mineralization show the presence of fluid boiling, resulting in a highly saline aqueous fluid phase (35.7 to 45.6 wt.% NaCl equiv.) and a moderately saline gas phase (14 to 22 wt.% NaCl equiv.) in the system H2O-NaCl-KCl at temperatures varying between 380° and 460 °C and pressures from 100 to 580 bar. Mixing of the moderate saline fluid with meteoric water produced less saline fluids (8 to 10 wt.% NaCl equiv.), which are associated with the epithermal quartz-stibnite vein mineralization. This process took place under hydrostatic pressures ranging from 65 to 116 bar at a depth between 600 and 1000 m, and at temperatures mainly from 280° to 320 °C.

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Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Genesis and Geochemistry Of The Epithermal Quartz-stibnite Veins At Gerakariomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineral Chemistry Of Stibnite and Nano-scale Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Fluid Inclusion and Critical/Rare Metal Study of Epithermal Quartz-Stibnite Veins Associated with the Gerakario Porphyry Deposit, Northern Greece

et al. 2022

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Modulation of Energy Band Positions in Sb₂S₃ Thin Films for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of FTO/TiO₂/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Au Solar Cell

Gunasekaran,

Nagarajan,

Nataraj

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) has the potential as an absorber material in photovoltaics due to its suitable bandgap and favorable optoelectronic properties. However, its energy band positions are not extensively explored which are essential for effective charge separation and transfer. This study examines the energy band positions of Sb2S3 thin films as a function of annealing temperature. Sb2S3 thin films are grown by a combination of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) method to enhance the crystallinity, tune the bandgap, and overall quality of Sb2S3 films to enhance the photovoltaic performance. Optical bandgap decreases from 2.41 to 1.67 eV from the as‐deposited films to annealed at 300 °C due to changes in interatomic distances. Energy band positions of Sb2S3 films are measured both by cost‐effective electrochemical cyclic voltammetry and Mott–Schottky analysis and validated the findings using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The conductivity of Sb2S3 is found to be n‐type. Thin‐film solar cells are then fabricated by employing Sb2S3 as an absorber layer in an FTO/TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT/Au structure, achieving an enhanced power conversion efficiency, increasing from 0.4 to 2.8% after annealing. These findings demonstrate the potential of Sb2S3 as a low‐cost absorber material for thin‐film photovoltaics.

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Changes in antimony isotopic composition as a tracer of hydrothermal fluid evolution at the Sb deposits in Pezinok (Slovakia)

Kaufmann,

Lazarov,

Weyer

et al. 2023

Miner Deposita

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In this work, we investigated in situ isotopic compositions of antimony (Sb) minerals from two substages of the ore deposits near Pezinok (Slovakia). The δ123Sb values of the primary Sb minerals range from −0.4 and +0.8‰ and increase progressively along the precipitation sequence. In the substage II, the early-formed gudmundite (FeSbS) shows in all sections the lowest δ123Sb values, followed by berthierite (FeSb2S4), stibnite (Sb2S3), and valentinite (Sb2O3) with the heaviest δ123Sb values. A similar trend was observed for the substage III, from the initially-formed stibnite, followed by kermesite (Sb2S2O), valentinite, senarmontite (both Sb2O3), and schafarzikite (FeSb2O4). The evolution can be rationalized by a Rayleigh fractionation model with a starting δ123Sb value in the fluid of +0.3‰, applying the same mineral-fluid fractionation factor to all minerals. Thus, the texturally observed order of mineralization is confirmed by diminishing trace element contents and heavier δ123Sb values in successively crystallized Sb minerals. Antimony in substage III was likely supplied from the oxidative dissolution of stibnite that formed earlier during substage II. The data interpretation, although limited by the lack of reliable mineral-fluid fractionation factors, implies that Sb precipitation within each substage occurred from an episodic metal precipitation, likely associated with a similar Sb isotope fractionation between fluid and all investigated Sb minerals. Large isotopic variations, induced by precipitation from a fluid as a response to temperature decrease, may be an obstacle in deciphering the metal source in hydrothermal ore deposits. However, Sb isotopes appear to be an excellent instrument to enhance our understanding on how hydrothermal systems operate.

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Trace element composition of stibnite: Substitution mechanism and implications for the genesis of Sb deposits in southern China

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

A Fluid Inclusion and Critical/Rare Metal Study of Epithermal Quartz-Stibnite Veins Associated with the Gerakario Porphyry Deposit, Northern Greece

A Fluid Inclusion and Critical/Rare Metal Study of Epithermal Quartz-Stibnite Veins Associated with the Gerakario Porphyry Deposit, Northern Greece

Modulation of Energy Band Positions in Sb₂S₃ Thin Films for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of FTO/TiO₂/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Au Solar Cell

Changes in antimony isotopic composition as a tracer of hydrothermal fluid evolution at the Sb deposits in Pezinok (Slovakia)

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Trace element composition of stibnite: Substitution mechanism and implications for the genesis of Sb deposits in southern China

Cited by 30 publications

References 59 publications

A Fluid Inclusion and Critical/Rare Metal Study of Epithermal Quartz-Stibnite Veins Associated with the Gerakario Porphyry Deposit, Northern Greece

A Fluid Inclusion and Critical/Rare Metal Study of Epithermal Quartz-Stibnite Veins Associated with the Gerakario Porphyry Deposit, Northern Greece

Modulation of Energy Band Positions in Sb2S3 Thin Films for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of FTO/TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT/Au Solar Cell

Changes in antimony isotopic composition as a tracer of hydrothermal fluid evolution at the Sb deposits in Pezinok (Slovakia)

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Modulation of Energy Band Positions in Sb₂S₃ Thin Films for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of FTO/TiO₂/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Au Solar Cell