“…2 ). Lead (Pb) content in the prepared commodities from the markets were in the range <0.01 to 1.07 mg/kg and were above the Pb levels of <0.01 – 0.05 mg/kg reported by Tortoe et al [ 40 ] when they determined trace metal concentrations in three pastry product from roots and tuber and cereal composite flour. Fig.…”
“…2 ). Lead (Pb) content in the prepared commodities from the markets were in the range <0.01 to 1.07 mg/kg and were above the Pb levels of <0.01 – 0.05 mg/kg reported by Tortoe et al [ 40 ] when they determined trace metal concentrations in three pastry product from roots and tuber and cereal composite flour. Fig.…”
“…1D), which indicate high variation between bread types. An acceptable limit of Pb in food is ranged from 200 to 2500 µg kg -1 (Magomya et al, 2013a;Tortoe et al, 2018). Results of this study discovered that all the bread samples had Pb concentration below the permissible limit.…”
Section: Leadmentioning
confidence: 60%
“…In a survey on market bread conducted by Aliakbar-Malekirad et al (2016) reported a range of 0 to 12.5 µg kg −1 in Iran Barbari bread type, a range from 9 to 48 µg kg −1 in bread wheat (average 15 µg kg −1 ) and the highest level 400 ± 7 µg kg −1 in white pita bread reported by (Lebbos et al, 2019). Slightly higher ranges were reported by Bou Khouzam et al ( 2012) and Tortoe et al (2018) for Lebanese bread (29-37 µg kg −1 ) and for composite flour bread (10-30 µg kg −1 ). Arsenic is a toxic element.…”
Section: Arsenicmentioning
confidence: 89%
“…Wheat grains bread types which are studied derived are grown in different environmental locations and types of soil relating to elemental concentration. These metals basically contaminate plants within the soil or polluted air, which precipitates and falls as rain (Tortoe et al, 2018).…”
Bread is a main staple food and the vital diet that gives approximately 50-90% daily intake of whole calories and proteins. This study was aimed at investigating the content of heavy metals in the different types of wheat bread. A total of 50 various bread categories including Lawasha, Mashini, Samoon, Hawrami and Tiry are provided in bakery stores. The mean concentration of the Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As and Co in all the studied bread samples were ranged in (µg kg -1 ) as follows: 0 -173.7 for Cr, 117.2 -313.3 for Ni, 0 -16.1 for Cd, 0.89 -357.3 for Pb, 5.60 -33.9 for As and 3.06 -17.8 for Co. The highest concentration was found for Ni followed by Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Co. The mean daily intake of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As and Co with the consumed bread was 0, 0.5, 4.2, 6.4, 7.4, and 1.6 μg kg -1 , respectively. The total daily intake of the studied heavy metals in 300 g bread was determined as follows: Lawasha 1.38, Mashini 1.72, Samoon 1.21, Hawrami 0.88 and Tiry 1.21 μg d -1 bw. The high contents of daily intake of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As, and Co in bread affect people's health. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that bread types are safe from heavy metals. Total daily intake is lower than the permissible limit which is recommended by FAO/WHO. While heavy metals reduce in bread during wheat cultivation and during the breadmaking process is still required.
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