Trace Metal Lead Exposure in Typical Lip Cosmetics From Electronic Commercial Platform: Investigation, Health Risk Assessment and Blood Lead Level Analysis

Abstract

Lead (Pb) in lipstick products has become an increasing concern, which can cause safety problems to human body directly with diet. To investigate the Pb exposure and potential health risk level of typical popular lip cosmetics in Chinese e-commerce market, Python crawler was introduced to identify and select 34 typical popular lip cosmetics, including 12 lipsticks, 13 lip glosses, and 9 lip balms. And then this study used ICP-MS to determine the content of Pb. Furthermore, the ingestion health risk assessment method issued by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Monte Carlo simulation algorithm were applied to assess the probabilistic health risks of adults exposure. Finally, taking the possible exposure of children contacting with lip products, the health risk assessment of children blood Pb was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of Pb in lip products ranged from 0 to 0.5237 mg/kg, which was far lower than the limit set by various countries. The probabilistic non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were 4.93 ×10−7~2.82 ×10−3 and 1.68 ×10−12~9.59 ×10−9, respectively, which were in an acceptable level. The results of blood Pb assessment suggested that the Pb content of lip cosmetics had no obvious influence on blood Pb concentration of children, and background Pb exposure is the main factor affecting children's blood Pb level (BLL). Overall, the samples of lip products are selected by Python crawler in this study, which are more objective and representative. This study focuses on deeper study of Pb, especially for the health risk assessment of blood Pb in children exposed to lip products. These results perhaps could provide useful information for the safety cosmetics usage for people in China and even the global world.

Heavy metal contamination assessment and probabilistic health risks in soil and maize near coal mines

“…The interpretation and values of the exposure parameters are shown in Supplementary Tables S1, S2 . A value of HQ or HI of < 1 suggests that detrimental health effects are not possible in the exposed population; when HQ or HI is close to or over 1, the adverse health effects should receive more attention ( 22 , 23 ). Cancer index values of heavy metals in the range of 10 −6 –10 −4 are acceptable and do not pose a significant carcinogenic risk ( 3 ).…”

Analisis Kandungan Timbal Dan Merkuri Dalam Lipstik Yang Digunakan Oleh Mahasiswi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

“…Bila dibandingkan dengan kosmetik lain, lipstik sangat mudah masuk ke dalam tubuh manusia dengan cara tertelan bersama dengan makanan. Bahan berbahaya yang terkandung dalam lipstik dapat meningkatkan resiko terhadap kesehatan (Li et al, 2021).…”

“…Misalnya, penambahan timbal (Pb) dan merkuri (Hg) ke dalam bahan kosmetik berfungsi sebagai pemutih (whitening function) untuk menutupi atau menghambat pembentukan pigmen warna (Bocca et al, 2014). Paparan logam berat dosis rendah namun dalam jangka panjang ke tubuh manusia dapat menyebabkan keracunan kronis atau bahkan kanker, sehingga mengancam kesehatan manusia secara serius (Li et al, 2021). Kandungan logam berat dalam kosmetik harus di bawah batas yang ditetapkan sehingga aman digunakan oleh konsumen.…”

Determination Of Some Trace Elements In Some Lipstick Products By Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

“…Only one brand of lipstick exceeded the specifications, containing levels of arsenic higher than 3 mg/kg [12]. In another study, lead values of 12 lipsticks, 13 lip glosses and 9 lip balms and the averages were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrophotometer) device which found as 0.05482 mg/kg, 0.04976 mg/kg and 0.07380 µg/g, respectively [8]. In another study, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Sb, Pb measurements were made in 32 lip sticks and their values were found as 6.72 mg/kg, 12.27 mg/kg, 0.48 mg/kg, 4.10 mg/kg, 93.93 mg/kg, 0.10 mg/kg, 1.13 mg/kg, 7.42 mg/kg respectively.…”

“…Lipsticks may contain heavy metals such as iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) [7]. Serious problems due to excess heavy metals in cosmetics have been reported by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the China National Drug Administration [8]. Considering the usage area, it is estimated that the products that cause the most toxic metal intake are lipsticks and lip glosses.…”