Trace metal levels, sources, and ecological risk assessment in a densely agricultural area from Saudi Arabia

Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.; Sallam, Abd El-Azeem; Usman, Adel R.A.; Ahmad, Muzamil; El-Naggar, Ahmed H.; EL-Saeid, Mohamed H.; Al-Faraj, Abdulelah; El-Enazi, Khaled; Al-Romian, Fahad A.

doi:10.1007/s10661-017-5919-1

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The EF has been proposed as a useful method for measuring heavy metal sources [ 21 , 26 ]. The descriptive statistical analysis of heavy metals EF values is presented in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geo-accumulation index ( I geo ) has been widely used to assess the soil contamination status with heavy metals [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. This method is a kind of quantitative index to study the degree of heavy metal pollution in soil, sediment, and urban street dust.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In present study, this effective method of I geo was applied to assess the pollution degree of heavy metals in Puan tea area [ 24 ]. The I geo was calculated by using the following Equation (1): I geo = log 2 [C n /(1.5 × B n )] where I geo is the index of geo-accumulation of n element; C n is the metal content (mg·kg −1 ) in the investigated surface soil samples; B n is the surface soil layer (0–20 cm) background value (mg·kg −1 ) of this element in Guizhou Province [ 23 , 25 ]; and coefficient of 1.5 is the factor to minimize the effect of possible lithogenic variations in soil [ 21 ]. According to Müller [ 24 ], the following criteria based on the values of I geo were applied to assess the metal contamination level in the soil: I geo ≤ 0 Unpolluted; 0 < I geo ≤ 1 Unpolluted to moderately polluted; 1 < I geo ≤ 2 Moderately polluted; 2 < I geo ≤ 3 Moderately to heavily polluted; 3 < I geo ≤ 4 Heavily polluted; 4 < I geo ≤ 5 Heavily to extremely polluted; I geo > 5 Extremely polluted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tea Leaves and Potential Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study from Puan County, Guizhou Province, China

Zhang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2018

IJERPH

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study features a survey of the concentrations of aluminum (Al) and heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in tea leaves and the corresponding cultivation soils (0–30 cm), carried out in Puan County (Guizhou Province, China). The average concentrations of Al, Mn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the soil were 106 × 103, 214, 20.9, 0.09, 0.12, 17.5, 121, 27.8, 131.2, and 64 mg·kg−1, respectively. The heavy metals’ pollution indexes in the soil can be ranked as follows: Cu > Cr > Hg > As > Ni > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cd. The soil was moderately polluted by Cu because of the high geochemical background value of Cu in the area. The potential environment risk index (RI) showed that 7.69% out of the total sample sites were within the moderate level. Moreover, the ranges of Al, Mn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn concentrations in young tea leaves were 250–660, 194–1130, 0.107–0.400, 0.012–0.092, 0.014–0.085, 0.073–0.456, 0.33–1.26, 6.33–14.90, 14.90–26.10, and 35.8–50.3 mg·kg−1, respectively. While in mature tea leaves, they were 4300–10,400, 536–4610, 0.560–1.265, 0.040–0.087, 0.043–0.089, 0.189–0.453, 0.69–2.91, 3.43–14.20, 6.17–16.25, and 9.1–20.0 mg·kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Cd, and Cr in young tea leaves and mature tea leaves were all lower than the standard limit values (5.0, 30, 2.0, 0.3, 1.0, and 5.0 mg·kg−1 for Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Cd, and Cr, respectively) in China. Besides, the accumulation ability of tea leaves to Mn was the strongest, and the average bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Mn in mature tea leaves was 12.5. In addition, the average target hazard quotients (THQ) were all less than one for the young tea leaves and the average aggregate risk hazard index (HI) to adults was 0.272, indicating that there was not a potential health risk for adults through the consumption of the infusions brewed by young tea leaves. However, for mature tea leaves, the percentage which HI values were above one was 38.46%, and the risk to adults via the consumption of mature tea infusions were mainly contributed by Mn and Al.

show abstract

“…The EF has been proposed as a useful method for measuring heavy metal sources [ 21 , 26 ]. The descriptive statistical analysis of heavy metals EF values is presented in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tea Leaves and Potential Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study from Puan County, Guizhou Province, China

Zhang

Yang

Chen

et al. 2018

IJERPH

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Iron, for instance, is an essential element in hemoglobin biosynthesis [28]. A number of trace elements, including iron, copper, and zinc, have been reported in very high concentrations from the high-salinity soil of the region [29]. The trace elements analysis of these halophytes showed iron in all the plants' samples under study, wherein the highest iron concentration was detected in A. lagopoides (4113 µg/kg of the plant powder), while the lowest iron concentration was found in Z. simplex (525 µg/kg of the plant powder).…”

Section: Trace Elements Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Microbial, Anti-Oxidant, and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Traditionally-Used Medicinal Herbs: A Comparative Analyses of Pharmacology, and Phytoconstituents of Regional Halophytic Plants’ Diaspora

Al-Omar

Mohammed

et al. 2020

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Halophytes are the category of plants growing under harsh conditions of super-salinity, and are wide-spread in the coastal Mediterranean climatic conditions and desert oasis. They are adept at surviving through maintaining excessive production of enzymatic, and non-enzymatic secondary metabolites, especially phenolics and flavonoids that primarily work as anti-oxidants and phytoalexins. Five major halophyte species growing in the kingdom’s Qassim’s high-salted desert regions were investigated for confirming their traditionally used biological activity of sugar-control and anti-infectious properties. In this context, the comparative presence of phenolics, and flavonoids together with anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, and the anti-diabetic potentials of the plants’ extracts were investigated through the α-amylase inhibition method. The highest concentrations of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in Salsola imbricata (360 mg/g of the extract as Gallic-Acid-Equivalents/GAE, and 70.5 mg/g of the extract as Rutin-Equivalents/RE). In contrast, the lowest concentrations of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in Salsola cyclophylla (126.6 mg/g GAE, and 20.5 mg/g RE). The halophytes were found rich in trace elements, a factor for water-retention in high-salinity plants, wherein iron and zinc elements were found comparatively in higher concentrations in Aeluropus lagopoides (4113 µg/kg, and 40.1 µg/kg, respectively), while the copper was detected in higher concentration (11.1 µg/kg) in S. imbricata, analyzed through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric (ICP-OES) analysis. The anti-oxidant potentials and α-amylase enzyme inhibition-based anti-diabetic activity of S. imbricata was significantly higher than the other halophytes under study, wherein S. cyclophylla exhibited the lowest level of α-amylase inhibition. The maximum DPPH radicals’ (52.47 mg/mL), and α-amylase inhibitions (IC50 22.98 µg/mL) were detected in A.lagopoides. The anti-microbial activity against the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was strongly exhibited by Zygophyllum simplex (33 mm Inhibition Zone-Diameter, 50 µg/mL Minimum-Inhibitory-Concentration), while Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans growths were moderately inhibited by Tamarix aphylla. The current findings exhibited significant differences among the locally distributed halophytic plants species with regards to their bioactivity levels, anti-oxidant potentials, and the presence of trace elements. The ongoing data corroborated the plants’ traditional uses in infections and diabetic conditions. The enhanced local distribution of the plants’ diaspora and higher density of occurrence of these plants species in this region, in comparison to their normal climatic condition’s counterparts, seemed to be affected by humans’ use of the species as part of the traditional and alternative medicine over a period of long time.

show abstract

“…Hg and Cd posed a high potential ecological risk for the region [22]. The soils in the Saudi Arabian dense agricultural area exhibited degrees of heavy metal potential ecological risk that ranged from large to small, and followed the ranking of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn and Cd, the latter of which posed the highest potential ecological risk among the heavy metal elements [41]. In the north-eastern area of Hanoi, Vietnam, the agricultural soil presented a moderate environmental risk, and As and Cd had relatively high contribution rates [42].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological risk assessment and source identification of heavy metal pollution in vegetable bases of Urumqi, China, using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heavy metal pollution is a widespread problem and strongly affects human health through the food chain. In this study, the overall pollution situation and source apportionment of heavy metals in soil (Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr) were evaluated using various methods including geo-accumulation index (I geo), potential ecological risk index (RI) and positive matrix factorization combined with Geographical Information System (GIS) to quantify and identify the possible sources to these heavy metals in soils. The results of I geo showed that this farmland top soil moderate contaminated by Hg, other selected elements with noncontamination level. And the average RI in the top soil was 259.89, indicating a moderate ecological risk, of which Hg and Cd attributed 88.87% of the RI. The results of the PMF model showed that the relative contributions of heavy metals due to atmospheric depositions (18.70%), sewage irrigations (21.17%), soil parent materials (19.11%), industrial and residential coal combustions (17.43%) and agricultural and lithogenic sources (23.59%), respectively. Of these elements, Pb and Cd were came from atmospheric deposition. Cr was attributed to sewage irrigations. As was mainly derived from the soil parent materials. Hg originated from industrial and residential coal combustions, and most of the Cu, Zn and Ni, except for Pb, were predominantly derived from agricultural and lithogenic sources. These results are important in considering management plans to control the aggravation of heavy metal pollution and ultimately to protect soil resources in this region. In addition, this study enhances the understanding of heavy metal contamination occurrence in agroecosystem that helps predicting and limiting the potential of heavy metal exposure to people and ecosystem.

show abstract

Trace metal levels, sources, and ecological risk assessment in a densely agricultural area from Saudi Arabia

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tea Leaves and Potential Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study from Puan County, Guizhou Province, China

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Tea Leaves and Potential Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study from Puan County, Guizhou Province, China

Anti-Microbial, Anti-Oxidant, and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Traditionally-Used Medicinal Herbs: A Comparative Analyses of Pharmacology, and Phytoconstituents of Regional Halophytic Plants’ Diaspora

Ecological risk assessment and source identification of heavy metal pollution in vegetable bases of Urumqi, China, using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About