Trace Metals in Soil and Plants around a Cement Factory in Pretoria, South Africa

Olowoyo, Joshua Oluwole

doi:10.15244/pjoes/43497

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As, Pb, Cr and Cd are typical elements that mainly originate from industries such as coal-fired power plants and the cement industry [40,41]. Thus, it is reasonable to …”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As, Pb, Cr and Cd are typical elements that mainly originate from industries such as coal-fired power plants and the cement industry [40,41]. Thus, it is reasonable to As can be seen from Figure 5, the first factor (PC 1 ), which explained 53.6% of the total variance, was associated with Al (0.76), Ba (0.73), Cu (0.63), Fe (0.94), Mn (0.95), Ti (0.59) and Zn (0.98).…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor 2 (PC 2 ), which accounted for 23.3% the variance, was loaded with As (0.86), Cd (0.86), Cr (0.92), Pb (0.81), and Ti (0.58). As, Pb, Cr and Cd are typical elements that mainly originate from industries such as coal-fired power plants and the cement industry [40,41]. Thus, it is reasonable to deduce that the elements grouped in PC 2 are attributed to emissions from local industrial activities.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet Deposition of Trace Metals at a Typical Urban Site in Southwestern China: Fluxes, Sources and Contributions to Aquatic Environments

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this study, we quantified the atmospheric wet deposition (AWD) of 13 trace metals (TMs) and estimated their potential effects on the surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. Precipitation was collected in Wanzhou in southwestern China from March 2015 to February 2016. The concentrations and fluxes of the 13 TMs were in the ranges of 0.16-9.44 µg L −1 and 0.18-10.22 mg m −2 yr −1 , respectively, in the order Al > Zn > Fe > Ba > Pb > Mn > Ti > Cd > Cu > As > V > Ni ≈ Cr. Using principal component analysis, it was found that Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were mainly derived from a mixture of soil and road dust, As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ti primarily originated from the local industries, and Ni and V were related to diesel and gasoline combustion, including both vehicle exhaust emissions and ship emissions from the nearby Yangtze River. The estimated TM inputs to the Three Gorges Reservoir were 11.1, 11.0, 5.7, 5.3, 4.5, 2.7, 2.5, 1.5, 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.2 t yr −1 for Al, Zn, Fe, Ba, Pb, Mn, Ti, Cd, Cu, As, V, Ni and Cr, respectively. The AWD TM fluxes in Wanzhou were lower than those in metropolises and their inputs were limited for surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir. However, Cd was strongly enriched in precipitation and rainstorms greatly increased the surface water concentrations of Cd and Pb. Therefore, the behavior of Cd and Pb in southwestern mountain areas of China, including emission, transport, transformation, and their ecological effects, should be given more attention in future studies.

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“…As, Pb, Cr and Cd are typical elements that mainly originate from industries such as coal-fired power plants and the cement industry [40,41]. Thus, it is reasonable to …”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wet Deposition of Trace Metals at a Typical Urban Site in Southwestern China: Fluxes, Sources and Contributions to Aquatic Environments

et al. 2017

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“…For quality assurance purposes, the blanks for the soil and plant samples were separately prepared and the Certified Reference Materials (CRM) for plant and soil samples were done (Lion and Olowoyo 2013). The analyses were also carried out in triplicate (Olowoyo et al 2015). The CRM 482 was used along with the samples for the purpose of quality assurance.…”

Section: Soil and Plant Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation pattern of trace metals in Spinacia oleracea harvested from soil treated with urine in comparison with other soil amendments in Pretoria, South Africa

Mugivhisa

Olowoyo

2017

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose The study assessed trace metal levels in the leaves, stalks and roots of Spinacia oleracea harvested from soil treated with urine in comparison to chemical fertilizers and biosolids. Methods Spinacia oleracea seedlings were planted on soils pretreated with urine, chemical fertilizers and biosolids. Results The soil treated with chemical fertilizers resulted in an increase of Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni and Sb while there was an increase in the concentrations of Zn and Hg in the soil treated with urine. The soil with no amendments recorded higher mean values of As and Mn, whereas the biosolids treatment did not show any increases of the trace metals in the soil. The concentration of Mn, Pb and Ni in the leaves and stalks of S. oleracea harvested from soil treated with urine were below the recommended limits for trace metals in edible plants as set by WHO even though the urine treatment recorded the highest concentration of Cd in the roots, stalks and leaves. The S. oleracea harvested from the soil treated with chemical fertilizers showed an accumulation Cu and Mn in the stalks and leaves while those harvested from soil treated with biosolids showed an accumulation of Cr, As, Zn and Ni in the stalks and Cr, Pb and Sb in the leaves and all trace metals in the roots except Cd and As. S. oleracea harvested from the soil with no amendments showed an accumulation of Cr, As, Zn and Ni in the stalks and Cr, Pb, Zn and Sb in the leaves. The transfer factor showed that Cd, Zn, Mn and Sn were translocated from the soil to the leaves even though the concentrations were below acceptable limits for human consumption. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the use of urine as a soil amendment may not facilitate or increase the bioavailability of trace metals in the plant tissues.

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“…There is a large Ferro-chrome mine in the district, which is located at 25.39.38 S and 27.50.42 E. The mining industry operates two chrome ore mines of about 1.2 Mt per annum and four furnaces with a capacity of about 412 kt per annum. It operates using a closed open furnace in order to reduce particulate emissions [40]. Eight samples of top soil were collected from areas of Brits, North West Province, South Africa.…”

Section: Study Area Sampling and Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for determination of Cr in soils from Brits District, South Africa

Ambushe¹,

Plessis²,

McCrindle³

2015

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique, which can be used to perform elemental analysis of any material, irrespective of its physical state. In this study, the LIBS technique has been applied for quantification of total Cr in soil samples collected from polluted areas of Brits, North West Province, South Africa. A Q-switched neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser (10 Hz, λ = 1064 nm) was employed for generation of a laser-induced plasma on the surface of the soil sample. The atomic emission lines were recorded using an Andor Shamrock SR-303i spectrometer, fitted with an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. Detailed investigation of experimental parameters such as gate delay time, gate width and laser pulse energy was conducted. Soil samples were dried, finely ground, sieved and thereafter pelletized before LIBS analysis. Calibration curve for the quantification of Cr was constructed using certified reference materials of soils and sediments. The concentrations of Cr in soil samples varied from 111 to 3180 mg/kg. In order to test the validity of the LIBS results, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also employed for determination of Cr. The results obtained using LIBS were found to be in good agreement with those of ICP-MS.

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Trace Metals in Soil and Plants around a Cement Factory in Pretoria, South Africa

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

Wet Deposition of Trace Metals at a Typical Urban Site in Southwestern China: Fluxes, Sources and Contributions to Aquatic Environments

Wet Deposition of Trace Metals at a Typical Urban Site in Southwestern China: Fluxes, Sources and Contributions to Aquatic Environments

Accumulation pattern of trace metals in Spinacia oleracea harvested from soil treated with urine in comparison with other soil amendments in Pretoria, South Africa

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for determination of Cr in soils from Brits District, South Africa

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