Tracking and quantification of gaseous chemical plumes from anthropogenic emission sources within the Los Angeles Basin

Buckland, Kerry N.; Young, Stephen J.; Keim, E. R.; Johnson, Brian R.; Johnson, Patrick D.; Tratt, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2017.09.012

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Mako is an airborne hyperspectral thermal infrared whiskbroom imaging spectrometer with a 128 × 128 element sensor, designed and built by The Aerospace Corporation (El Segundo, California) and operated from a Twin Otter aircraft [21,22]. It operates in the 7.8 to 13.4 μm spectral region employing a cryogenically cooled grating-based spectrometer with a native spectral resolution of ~4 cm −1 at 10 μm (0.04 μm per channel).…”

Section: Remote-sensing Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of ASTER Emissivity Retrieval Using the Mako Airborne TIR Imaging Spectrometer at the Algodones Dune Field in Southern California, USA

et al. 2020

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Validation of emissivity (ε) retrievals from spaceborne thermal infrared (TIR) sensors typically requires spatial extrapolations over several orders of magnitude for a comparison between centimeter-scale laboratory ε measurements and the common decameter and lower resolution of spaceborne TIR data. In the case of NASA’s Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) temperature and ε separation algorithm (TES), this extrapolation becomes especially challenging because TES was originally designed for the geologic surface of Earth, which is typically heterogeneous even at centimeter and decameter scales. Here, we used the airborne TIR hyperspectral Mako sensor with its 2.2 m/pixel resolution, to bridge this scaling issue and robustly link between ASTER TES 90 m/pixel emissivity retrievals and laboratory ε measurements from the Algodones dune field in southern California, USA. The experimental setup included: (i) Laboratory XRD, grain size, and TIR spectral measurements; (ii) radiosonde launches at the time of the two Mako overpasses for atmospheric corrections; (iii) ground-based thermal measurements for calibration, and (iv) analyses of ASTER day and night ε retrievals from 21 different acquisitions. We show that while cavity radiation leads to a 2% to 4% decrease in the effective emissivity contrast of fully resolved scene elements (e.g., slipface slopes and interdune flats), spectral variability of the site when imaged at 90 m/pixel is below 1%, because at this scale the dune field becomes an effectively homogeneous mixture of the different dune elements. We also found that adsorption of atmospheric moisture to grain surfaces during the predawn hours increased the effective ε of the dune surface by up to 0.04. The accuracy of ASTER’s daytime emissivity retrievals using each of the three available atmospheric correction protocols was better than 0.01 and within the target performance of ASTER’s standard emissivity product. Nighttime emissivity retrievals had lower precision (<0.03) likely due to residual atmospheric effects. The water vapor scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction protocol was required to obtain accurate (<0.01) nighttime ASTER emissivity retrievals.

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Section: Remote-sensing Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of ASTER Emissivity Retrieval Using the Mako Airborne TIR Imaging Spectrometer at the Algodones Dune Field in Southern California, USA

et al. 2020

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“…Hyperspectral airborne imagery was collected on 27 August 2013 (at 11:00 a.m. Pacific daylight savings time) using Mako, a whiskbroom-type sensor developed by The Aerospace Corporation. Mako measures emitted surface radiance in 128 contiguous TIR channels covering the wavelength range 7.6-13.4 µm [82,83]. The Mako sensor was radiometrically and spectrally calibrated as described in [29,83].…”

Section: Hyperspectral Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum noise fraction (MNF) components that were used for the unsupervised classification are displayed in false color assignments ( Figure 6) to highlight the lithologic compositional variability across the complete image swath. [82,83]). User-specified parameters are indicated by how they are entered into ENVI dialogue boxes for each of the image processing steps.…”

Section: Supervised and Unsupervised Classifications Of The Airborne mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Lavic Lake Fault: A Long-Term Cumulative Slip Analysis via Combined Field Work and Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Sensing

et al. 2020

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The 1999 Hector Mine earthquake ruptured to the surface in eastern California, with >5 m peak right-lateral slip on the Lavic Lake fault. The cumulative offset and geologic slip rate of this fault are not well defined, which inhibits tectonic reconstructions and risk assessment of the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). With thermal infrared hyperspectral airborne imagery, field data, and auxiliary information from legacy geologic maps, we created lithologic maps of the area using supervised and unsupervised classifications of the remote sensing imagery. We optimized a data processing sequence for supervised classifications, resulting in lithologic maps over a test area with an overall accuracy of 71 ± 1% with respect to ground-truth geologic mapping. Using all of the data and maps, we identified offset bedrock features that yield piercing points along the main Lavic Lake fault and indicate a 1036 +27/−26 m net slip, with 1008 +14/−17 m horizontal and 241 +51/−47 m vertical components. For the contribution from distributed shear, modern off-fault deformation values from another study imply a larger horizontal slip component of 1276 +18/−22 m. Within the constraints, we estimate a geologic slip rate of <4 mm/yr, which does not increase the sum geologic Mojave ECSZ rate to current geodetic values. Our result supports previous suggestions that transient tectonic activity in this area may be responsible for the discrepancy between long-term geologic and present-day geodetic rates.

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“…Imaging spectroscopy data were collected using the airborne TIR imaging spectrometer, Mako (Buckland et al, 2017), which operates in the 7.6e13.2 mm range and was flown on a Twin Otter. The procedures for detection, discrimination, and quantification of trace gas plumes are described (Buckland et al, 2017;Hall et al, 2016;Tratt et al, 2011;Young, 2002) and have separated the constituent signatures successfully of mixed plumes containing up to six distinct gaseous components in controlled trials.…”

Section: Mako -Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of mobile in situ measurements of dairy husbandry emissions by fusion of airborne/surface remote sensing with seasonal context from the Chino Dairy Complex

Leifer

Melton

Tratt

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

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Mobile in situ concentration and meteorology data were collected for the Chino Dairy Complex in the Los Angeles Basin by AMOG (AutoMObile trace Gas) Surveyor on 25 June 2015 to characterize husbandry emissions in the near and far field in convoy mode with MISTIR (Mobile Infrared Sensor for Tactical Incident Response), a mobile upwards-looking, column remote sensing spectrometer. MISTIR reference flux validated AMOG plume inversions at different information levels including multiple gases, GoogleEarth imagery, and airborne trace gas remote sensing data. Long-term (9-yr.) Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer satellite data provided spatial and trace gas temporal context. For the Chino dairies, MISTIR-AMOG ammonia (NH) agreement was within 5% (15.7 versus 14.9 Gg yr, respectively) using all information. Methane (CH) emissions were 30 Gg yr for a 45,200 herd size, indicating that Chino emission factors are greater than previously reported. Single dairy inversions were much less successful. AMOG-MISTIR agreement was 57% due to wind heterogeneity from downwind structures in these near-field measurements and emissions unsteadiness. AMOG CH, NH, and CO emissions were 91, 209, and 8200 Mg yr, implying 2480, 1870, and 1720 head using published emission factors. Plumes fingerprinting identified likely sources including manure storage, cowsheds, and a structure with likely natural gas combustion. NH downwind of Chino showed a seasonal variation of a factor of ten, three times larger than literature suggests. Chino husbandry practices and trends in herd size and production were reviewed and unlikely to add seasonality. Higher emission seasonality was proposed as legacy soil emissions, the results of a century of husbandry, supported by airborne remote sensing data showing widespread emissions from neighborhoods that were dairies 15 years prior, and AMOG and MISTIR observations. Seasonal variations provide insights into the implications of global climate change and must be considered when comparing surveys from different seasons.

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Tracking and quantification of gaseous chemical plumes from anthropogenic emission sources within the Los Angeles Basin

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Validation of ASTER Emissivity Retrieval Using the Mako Airborne TIR Imaging Spectrometer at the Algodones Dune Field in Southern California, USA

Validation of ASTER Emissivity Retrieval Using the Mako Airborne TIR Imaging Spectrometer at the Algodones Dune Field in Southern California, USA

The Lavic Lake Fault: A Long-Term Cumulative Slip Analysis via Combined Field Work and Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Sensing

Validation of mobile in situ measurements of dairy husbandry emissions by fusion of airborne/surface remote sensing with seasonal context from the Chino Dairy Complex

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