Trade-offs between winter wheat production and soil water consumption via leguminous green manures in the Loess Plateau of China

Zhang, Dabin; Zhang, Chi; Ren, Hangle; Xu, Qian; Yao, Zhiyuan; Yuan, Yuqi; Yao, Pengwei; Zhao, Na; Li, Yangyang; Zhang, Suiqi; Zhai, Bingnian; Wang, Zhaohui; Huang, Duan; Cao, Weidong; Gao, Yajun

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108278

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In dry years, soybean crops reduced wheat yield, mainly due to lower effective ear numbers resulting from less stored soil water before wheat sowing caused by pre-crop soybean ( Supplementary Figure S1 ; Figure 6 ). This result is in line with previous studies ( Qin et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ; Nie et al, 2022 ). In normal year, although crop rotation did not increase wheat yield, it showed an increasing trend ( Figure 4 ), which was mainly due to increased DMpa to a certain extent ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…A similar result was reported by Richards et al (2014) , who observed that the low water storage before sowing reduces the number of ears and the rate of effective ear. Thus, legume inclusion induced a reduction in soil water storage for the following wheat ( Zhang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Franke et al (2018) reported that synthetic N application to cereals reduces the residual effects of legumes, but the response at low N (60–120 kg N ha −1 ) input is still positive compared with no-N management. Nevertheless, other studies demonstrated that legume inclusion reduced soil water storage due to higher leaf area index ( Qin et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ; Nie et al, 2022 ), which may cause water shortage in the wheat-growing season. Therefore, the wheat population and yield in legume-cereal rotation systems with different N managements needs to be further investigated, especially under water-deficit and drought conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Soybean Crops Penalize Subsequent Wheat Yield During Drought in the North China Plain

et al. 2022

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Contemporary wisdom suggests that inclusion of legumes into crop rotations benefit subsequent cereal crop yields. To investigate whether this maxim was generically scalable, we contrast summer soybean–winter wheat (SW) with summer maize–winter wheat (MW) rotation systems in an extensive field campaign in the North China Plain (NCP). We identify heretofore unseen interactions between crop rotation, synthetic N fertilizer application, and stored soil water. In the year with typical rainfall, inclusion of soybean within rotation had no effect on wheat ear number and yield, while N fertilization penalized wheat yields by 6–8%, mainly due to lower dry matter accumulation after anthesis. In contrast, in dry years prior crops of soybean reduced the rate and number of effective ears in wheat by 5–27 and 14–17%, respectively, leading to 7–23% reduction in wheat yield. Although N fertilization increased the stem number before anthesis in dry years, there was no corresponding increase in ear number and yield of wheat in such years, indicating compensating reduction in yield components. We also showed that N fertilization increased wheat yield in MW rather than SW as the former better facilitated higher dry matter accumulation after flowering in dry years. Taken together, our results suggest that soybean inclusion reduced soil available water for subsequent wheat growth, causing yield penalty of subsequent wheat under drought conditions. We call for more research into factors influencing crop soil water, including initial state, crop water requirement, and seasonal climate forecasts, when considering legumes into rotation systems. Graphical AbstractResponse of wheat population and yield to soybean inclusion under limited-irrigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Soybean Crops Penalize Subsequent Wheat Yield During Drought in the North China Plain

et al. 2022

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“…Green manures utilize soil water during the summer months, and this water depletion may negatively impact spring wheat production in ecoregions with limited water resources. For example, similar results have been observed in regions with climatic similarities, such as the southern Loess Plateau of China [35], southern Great Plains of America [21], and southern semiarid region of Australian [20], where wheat grain yields were reduced in response to green manure compared to summer fallow during dry years, but no differences were observed during wet or normal rainfall years.…”

Section: Effect Of Green-manure-inclusive Diversified Rotation On Cro...supporting

confidence: 76%

Limited Advantages of Green Manure Planting on Soil Nutrients and Productivity in Intensive Agriculture: A Case Study of Wheat–Maize–Sunflower Rotation in Hetao Irrigation District

Zhao,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Crop diversification has been proposed as a promising strategy for transitioning towards sustainable agricultural systems. The Hetao Irrigation District faces multiple challenges in ensuring food security and farmer livelihood. A diversified green manure inclusive cropping system was designed to evaluate the influences of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) incorporation on soil nutrients, yield, and economic benefit compared to the existing wheat–maize–sunflower rotation system in the Hetao Irrigation District. The specific method was as follows: spring wheat (Triticum-durum L.)–vetch rotation in the first year, maize (Zea mays L.)/vetch intercropping in the second year, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)/vetch relay intercropping in the third year. Over a 6-year experimental observation, green manure incorporation significantly increased soil alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen and exchangeable potassium levels. Although the effect of green manure incorporation on the yield of rotated spring wheat and intercropped maize was not prominent, it improved sunflower yield in the second rotation cycle by 11%. Consequently, only the sunflower led to an increase in income of 235 CNY ha−1 in the second rotation cycle. This indicates that the soil-property-building and yield-enhancing effects of green manure incorporation require time to accumulate. However, the benefits derived from increased yield were not sufficient to offset the production costs associated with green manure cultivation, resulting in less-than-desirable economic returns.

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“…Additionally, water is a major factor that affects crop yield, especially in rain-fed regions [ 20 , 21 ]. In 68 sites of Southern America, on average, the potential wheat yield was 5200 kg ha −1 , with a difference of 3000 kg ha −1 due to variance in precipitation [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Soybean and Maize Yields through Improved Nitrogen and Soil Water Use Efficiencies: A 40-Year Study on the Impact of Farmyard Manure Amendment in Northeast China

Liu,

Bai,

Shen

et al. 2024

Plants

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The combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers has been recognized as a critical factor driving significant changes in crop yield and nutrient use efficiency, holding the potential to optimize agricultural management to achieve high yields. In this 40-year study, we investigated the effect of manure amendment on soybean and maize yields, water and nitrogen use efficiencies (WUE and NUE), and water and mineral N storage at 0–100 cm soil depths from 2017 to 2018 to explore the optimization of fertilization management strategies for soybean and maize production in Northeast China. To elucidate the impact of chemical fertilizers and manure, twelve treatments—control (CK); single N fertilizer at a low rate (N1) and that at a high rate (N2); N1, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer (N1PK); manure alone at 13.5 and 27 t ha−1 (M1 and M2); and those combined with N, P, or K fertilizer (M1N1, M1N2, and M1N1PK and M2N1, M2N2, and M2N1PK)—were selected and studied. The results showed that long-term amendment with manure significantly increased crop biomass and yield in the soybean–maize–maize rotation system. Combining with manure increased the WUE, the partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFPN), and N physiological efficiency (PEN) in both the soybean and maize seasons; conserved soil water (mainly at 40–60 cm); and increased soil N retention (in the upper 60 cm layer), which reduced the risk of N leaching, with a better effect being observed after the application of 13.5 t ha−1 manure. These results provide insight into the potential of using fertilization management strategies that include amendment with 13.5 t ha−1 manure in combination with N, P, and K fertilizer in the maize season and only chemical fertilizer in the soybean season, as these results indicate that such strategies can achieve high yields and be used to implement agricultural sustainable development in brown soil regions in Northeast China.

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Trade-offs between winter wheat production and soil water consumption via leguminous green manures in the Loess Plateau of China

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Soybean Crops Penalize Subsequent Wheat Yield During Drought in the North China Plain

Soybean Crops Penalize Subsequent Wheat Yield During Drought in the North China Plain

Limited Advantages of Green Manure Planting on Soil Nutrients and Productivity in Intensive Agriculture: A Case Study of Wheat–Maize–Sunflower Rotation in Hetao Irrigation District

Enhancing Soybean and Maize Yields through Improved Nitrogen and Soil Water Use Efficiencies: A 40-Year Study on the Impact of Farmyard Manure Amendment in Northeast China

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