Traditional Malay Black Ink: An Analysis of Its Recipes and Characteristics

Ink in Secular and Religious Documents from the Pelliot Collection (Bnf, Paris): A Study of Ingredients and Uses of Ink In1st Millennium Tocharian, Sanskrit and Chinese Manuscripts from the Kucha and Dunhuang Regions

“…Determination of chemical composition of writing materials generates important data for addressing cultural and historical questions that cannot be solved by historical and philological methods alone (Han et al, 2019;Abdul Razak et al, 2017;Ren et al, 2018;Wei et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2019). In its individual materiality, each manuscript contains evidence of the production processes involved in ancient Asian ink making.…”

Exploring the potential of pyrolysis-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the characterization of Chinese inks of ancient manuscripts

“…Up to now, microscopy and surface chemistry still remain the main methods used to study traditional and ancient inks, in particular differences in particle size and aggregation among inks of different soot origin and presence of animal glue [3,[8][9][10][11][12].…”