Traffic Offloading in Multicast Device-to-Device Cellular Networks: A Combinatorial Auction-Based Matching Algorithm

Abstract

In the last few years, multicast device-to-device (D2D) cellular networks has become a highly attractive area of research. However, a particularly challenging class of issues in this area is data traffic, which increases due to increase in video and audio streaming applications. Therefore, there is need for smart spectrum management policies. In this paper, we consider a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) technique which divides the whole spectrum into multiple sections and allows reusing of spectrum resources between the conventional cellular users and multicast D2D users in a non-orthogonal scenario. Since conventional cellular users and multicast D2D users shared same resources simultaneously, they generate severe data traffic and high communication overhead. To overcome these issues, in this paper we propose Lagrange relaxation technique to solve the non-convex problem and combinatorial auction-based matching algorithm to select the most desirable resource reuse partners by fulfilling the quality of service (QoS) requirements for both the conventional cellular users and multicast D2D users. Then, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the overall system performance with least computational complexity. We demonstrate that our method can exploit a higher data rate, spectrum efficiency, traffic offload rate, coverage probability, and lower computational complexity.

Performance Analysis of Distance-Based D2D Matching Mechanism

“…Thus, the average rate is equivalent to the coverage probability evaluated at β = 2 b − 1 or T = 2 t − 1 and then integrated over b or t. The coverage of a typical cellular link or a D2D link is given by Equations ( 8), (9), and (11). Thus, the average rate of the BS-CU link can be obtained by substituting β = 2 b − 1 into Equation ( 8), and integrating the result over b, the final expression is given by…”

“…In [6], a centralized signaling algorithm was proposed to exchange D2D discovery messages. The authors of [7][8][9] adopted fractional frequency reuse (FFR) technology to reduce the cochannel interference between cellular and D2D links, enabling to maximize the system throughput. In [7], Jain's fairness index method was introduced to guarantee fairness of resources allocation between CUs and DUs.…”

“…A greedy heuristic search algorithm and binary power control scheme were proposed to improve the throughput of D2D system [8]. In [9], an optimization problem based on Lagrange relaxation technique and combinatorial auction matching algorithm was proposed to solve data traffic and guarantee the QoS of CUs and DUs. In [10], a new multilevel overthe-air aggregation scheme for a wireless multihop D2Dbased mobile edge computing system was proposed, which aimed to reduce the communication resource overhead.…”

In‐network caching based NBA‐traffic offloading mechanism: A D2D communication mode

“…The evaluation metrics are traffic offloading rate and transmission time from the NBA‐videos provider to the user. The proposed mechanism, called IDTO is compared with two benchmarks, that is, 2,5 called CATO and MLTO respectively. In addition, the cache size is set as 128 MB, λ = 20 m , 50 m , 80 m , the hugepage size of DPDK is set as 1024 MB, and the caching time for each content is set as 3mins.…”

“…At present, many methods have been investigated and exploited for the traffic offloading 2 . For example, (i) the femtocell is deployed indoors, which does not support the mobile watching of NBA‐videos outdoors.…”