Trafficking and Technology: Exploring the Role of Digital Communication Technologies in the Belgian Human Trafficking Business

Raets, Sigrid; Janssens, Jelle

doi:10.1007/s10610-019-09429-z

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In modern society computers and networks cannot be ignored. ICT also plays a role in crime (Raets & Janssens, 2021) and, therefore, in court cases (Bijlenga & Kleemans, 2018). Victims are threatened via social media (Montoya et al, 2013), phishing is the modern modus operandi of fraud (Leukfeldt, 2014), drug trafficking leverages the TOR network (Christin, 2013), and Bitcoins are used for extortion and ransomware (Connolly & Wall, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating sentence severity with judicial open data

Hartel

Wegberg

Staalduinen³

2022

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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Open data promotes transparency and accountability as everyone can analyse it. Law enforcement and the judiciary are increasingly making data available, to increase trust and confidence in the criminal justice system. Due to privacy legislation, judicial open data — like court judgements — in Europe is usually anonymized. And even if the court judgement has been made public, the rest of the case file is usually not published. Therefore, the question arises to what extent criminological research into sentencing can make use of anonymized open data. We answer this question based on a case study in which we use the open data of the Dutch criminal justice system that is available on https://www.rechtspraak.nl/Uitspraken. Over the period 2015–2020, we analysed sentencing in 25,366 court judgements and investigated the relationship between sentence severity and the offender’s use of advanced Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The most important results are, firstly, that offenders who use advanced ICT are sentenced to longer custodial sentences compared to other offenders. Secondly, sentencing research with open data is found to be feasible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating sentence severity with judicial open data

Hartel

Wegberg

Staalduinen³

2022

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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“…However, given our collective experience in researching at the intersection of anti-HT and OR and Analytics, we believe the While the focus of this study was to capture the general trends in anti-HT research within the OR and Applied Analytics communities, we acknowledge there exist many relevant studies that either fall outside of the scope of the present analysis (such as reports) or focus on the problem domain of anti-HT but do not have a specific OR or Analytics-related attribution, and therefore were excluded. We have included such studies in the S1 File and further point the reader to reviews such as Raets and Janssens [27], Farrell and De Vries [28], and Weitzer [29] to better capture the broader scope of anti-HT research.…”

Section: Methods Of Collection and Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operations research and analytics to combat human trafficking: A systematic review of academic literature

et al. 2022

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Human trafficking is a widespread and compound social, economic, and human rights issue occurring in every region of the world. While there have been an increasing number of anti-human trafficking studies from the Operations Research and Analytics domains in recent years, no systematic review of this literature currently exists. We fill this gap by providing a systematic literature review that identifies and classifies the body of Operations Research and Analytics research related to the anti-human trafficking domain, thereby illustrating the collective impact of the field to date. We classify 142 studies to identify current trends in methodologies, theoretical approaches, data sources, trafficking contexts, target regions, victim-survivor demographics, and focus within the well-established 4Ps principles. Using these findings, we discuss the extent to which the current literature aligns with the global demographics of human trafficking and identify existing research gaps to propose an agenda for Operations Research and Analytics researchers.

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“…Virtual currency is a form of unrestricted digital currency that can only be obtained through electronic means. All transactions and data are saved and processed using specialized software, mobile or computer applications, or digital wallets, and take place through secure, dedicated networks on the internet (Raets and Janssens, 2021). The digital currency group comprises cryptocurrencies as well as virtual currency, which is a subset of the latter (Al-Amaren et al, 2020).…”

Section: Figure 5 Trafficking Financial Management Engaging In Techno...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Technology in Facilitating the Crime of Trafficking in Persons

Mohamad¹,

Nor²,

Yusuff³

et al. 2022

IJARBSS

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Statistics have shown increasing trend of the crime of "trafficking in persons", in various parts of the world, including China, Iran, Russia, Sudan, Syria, Malaysia and few others. Sometimes known as "human trafficking" or "modern slavery", past research has pointed that the use of technology is predominant in leading to the crime of trafficking in persons. In the era of information society and network society alike, technology is not only resorted to for the advantage of the users, but such also as removing geographical boundaries, enhanced efficiencies, communication, and commerce. On the other hand, it also works against the benefit on humankind, particularly in this study, in facilitating the crime of trafficking in persons. Henceforth, this study investigates the role of technology in facilitating the crime of trafficking in persons. The methodology engaged in this study is doctrinal research, involving review of literature, statistics, government reports, archival documents and relevant cases on human trafficking. The study found that technology plays a significant role in facilitating human trafficking from four main dimensions, being (1) recruitment and advertisement, (2) transportation, (3) exploitation, and (4) financial management. At each of these dimensions, technology becomes the enabler and communication tool to empower perpetrators in engaging in the crime of trafficking in persons. The findings of the study are significant to contribute to the body of knowledge in the areas of cybercrimes and trafficking in persons. Hopefully, the findings of the study would shed light into future research on these key areas, particularly towards achieving the 16th goal of the United Nation's sustainable development goals for peace, justice and strong institutions (SDG-16).

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Trafficking and Technology: Exploring the Role of Digital Communication Technologies in the Belgian Human Trafficking Business

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Investigating sentence severity with judicial open data

Investigating sentence severity with judicial open data

Operations research and analytics to combat human trafficking: A systematic review of academic literature

Role of Technology in Facilitating the Crime of Trafficking in Persons

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