Trait level somatic arousal modulates fMRI neural synchrony to naturalistic stimuli

Abstract

Somatic arousal refers to the physiological and bodily responses that occur in reaction to different emotional and psychological stimuli and is a crucial component of the fight or flight response. Symptoms associated with higher levels of somatic arousal such as higher heart and respiration rates have been shown to impact the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Differences in baseline levels of somatic arousal may therefore modulate the brain’s response to incoming stimuli during fMRI. Previous studies typically investigate somatic arousal as a state, rather than as a trait, in which some individuals are more likely to have heightened physiological responses to psychological stimuli, causing the neurological mechanisms behind baseline somatic arousal levels to remain poorly understood. The current study seeks to identify how differing levels of baseline somatic arousal modulate neural synchrony in response to an audiovisual film. We hypothesize that individuals with higher levels of somatic arousal will show overall heightened neural synchrony in response to a complex audiovisual stimulus. We identified that higher levels of somatic arousal are associated with widespread neural synchrony across the brain, including frontal gyri, parietal and temporo-occipital cortices. Taken together, this research suggests that baseline somatic arousal levels should be measured during naturalistic fMRI paradigms, as baseline somatic arousal levels may have a profound influence on synchronous neural activity.