Trajectories of cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study of population heterogeneity

Wu, Zimu; Woods, Robyn L.; Wolfe, Rory; Storey, Elsdon; Chong, Trevor T.‐J.; Shah, Raj C.; Orchard, Suzanne G; McNeil, John J; Murray, Anne M.; Ryan, Joanne

doi:10.1002/dad2.12180

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, the majority of participants have the stable trajectory, and rapid decline of cognitive function was rare among the respondents. This finding is consistent with previous studies [ 15 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Body mass index and trajectories of the cognition among Chinese middle and old-aged adults

Zhang

Chen

2022

BMC Geriatr

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This study aims to investigate the association between trajectories of the cognition and body mass index (BMI) among Chinese middle and old-aged adults. A total of 5693 adults (age 45 +) whose cognitive score is higher than average at the baseline were included from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS:2011–2015). Cognitive function was measured by Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in Chinese version. The Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was adopted to identify the potential heterogeneity of longitudinal changes over the past 5 years and to investigate the relationship between baseline BMI and trajectories of cognitive function. Three trajectories were identified in results: the slow decline (37.92%), the rapid decline (6.71%) and the stable function (55.37%). After controlling for other variables, underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was associated with the rapid and slow decline trajectories. Obesity (BMI > 28 kg/m2) was associated with the slow decline trajectory. High-risk people of cognitive decline can be screened by measuring BMI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Body mass index and trajectories of the cognition among Chinese middle and old-aged adults

Zhang

Chen

2022

BMC Geriatr

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“…Second, marmosets enrolled in the Rothwell et al study began testing at approximately the same age (4-6 years old), and impairment was identified when all animals were between 8-10 years of age. In contrast, marmosets in our study began testing at ages varying from young adult to geriatric, and we find that cognitive impairment occurs throughout the adult marmoset lifespan, in line with what has been observed in humans (Wu et al, 2021). Since aging is inherently a heterogeneous process, the fact that all marmosets in the Rothwell et al study showed cognitive impairment simultaneously is unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Age-related learning and working memory impairment in the common marmoset

Glavis-Bloom

Vanderlip

Reynolds

2022

Preprint

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Aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, yet we still do not understand how the aging process leads to pathological vulnerability. The research community has relied heavily on mouse models, but the considerable anatomical, physiological, and cognitive differences between mice and humans limit their translational relevance. Ultimately, these barriers necessitate the development of novel aging models. As a non-human primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) shares many features in common with humans and yet has a significantly shorter lifespan (10 years) than other primates, making it ideally suited to longitudinal studies of aging. Our objective was to evaluate the marmoset as a model of age-related cognitive impairment. To do this, we utilized the Delayed Recognition Span Task (DRST) to characterize age-related changes in working memory capacity in a cohort of sixteen marmosets varying in age from young adult to geriatric. These monkeys performed thousands of trials over periods of time ranging up to 50 percent of their adult lifespan. To our knowledge, this represents the most thorough cognitive profiling of any marmoset aging study conducted to-date. By analyzing individual learning curves, we found that aged animals exhibited delayed onset of learning, slowed learning rate after onset, and decreased asymptotic working memory performance. These findings are not accounted for by age-related impairments in motor speed and motivation. This work firmly establishes the marmoset as a model of age-related cognitive impairment.

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“…The battery included 1) 3MS for global cognitive function ( 18 ), 2) single-letter (F) Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT-F) for verbal fluency ( 19 ), 3) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised delayed recall task (HVLT-R) for episodic memory ( 20 ), and 4) Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) for psychomotor speed ( 21 ). In addition, an overall score was generated by adding up the z-scores of the four cognitive tests ( 6 , 22 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gradual decline in cognitive function at old age has been thought to be a ‘normal' part of the aging process ( 4 ). However, some individuals experience more advanced cognitive decline dementia ( 5 ), while others appear to sustain high cognitive function over time even with advancing age ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Incident Dementia, Disability and Death: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study

Woods²,

Chong³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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ObjectiveThe inter-individual variability in cognitive changes may be early indicators of major health events. We aimed to determine whether late-life cognitive trajectories were associated with incident dementia, persistent physical disability and all-cause mortality.MethodsData came from a cohort of older community-dwelling individuals aged 70 years or above in Australia and the United States. Global cognition, verbal fluency, episodic memory and psychomotor speed were assessed regularly at up to seven waves between 2010 and 2017. Dementia, disability in activities of daily living, and death were adjudicated between 2017 and 2020. Latent classes of cognitive trajectories over seven years were determined using group-based trajectory modeling. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the prospective associations between cognitive trajectories and these outcomes.ResultsCognitive trajectories were defined for 16,174 participants (mean age: 78.9 years; 56.7% female) who were alive and without incident dementia or disability by 2017, among which 14,655 participants were included in the association analysis. Between three and five trajectory classes were identified depending on the cognitive test. Cognitive trajectories were strongly associated with the risk of dementia. For example, compared to those in the highest-functioning trajectory, the worst performers of episodic memory had a 37-fold increased risk of dementia (95% CI: 17.23–82.64). The lowest trajectories of both global cognition and episodic memory also predicted increased mortality risk (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.28–2.52; OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09–2.36, respectively), while only slow psychomotor speed was marginally associated with physical disability (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 0.99–5.77).ConclusionsIn older individuals, cognitive trajectories appear to be early indicators of clinically relevant health outcomes. Systematic cognitive assessments as part of routine geriatric evaluation may facilitate early identification and interventions for those individuals at highest risk.

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Trajectories of cognitive function in community‐dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study of population heterogeneity

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Body mass index and trajectories of the cognition among Chinese middle and old-aged adults

Body mass index and trajectories of the cognition among Chinese middle and old-aged adults

Age-related learning and working memory impairment in the common marmoset

Cognitive Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Incident Dementia, Disability and Death: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study

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