Tramp Element Accumulation and Its Effects on Secondary Phase Particles

Wagstaff, Samuel R.; Wagstaff, Robert B.; Allanore, Antoine

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_132

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…less brittle, and well dispersed intermetallic precipitates. 7,193,194 Another advantage of aluminum is that its primary synthesis is based on electrolysis. This means that sustainable electrical energy can be used for its primary production.…”

Section: Sustainability-related Research Topics For Aluminum Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This creates a high incentive for basic research in this field, namely, to develop alloys that are more robust against impurities and form less-harmful, i.e. less brittle, and well dispersed intermetallic precipitates. ,, …”

Section: Element- and Alloy-specific Direct Sustainability Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For aluminum alloys a typical example is the scrap-related inheritance of an enhanced iron content. ,, Increased amounts of iron from the admixed scrap can lead to undesirable intermetallic phases and thus to embrittlement and increased corrosion. Aluminum alloys are usually more sensitive to even minor composition variations than many steels because they have usually low solubility so that many impurity elements lead to intermetallic phases, which can influence ductility, fracture toughness, fatigue, forming limits, surface properties, corrosion, age-hardening capability and precipitation-free zones.…”

Section: Sustainable Alloy Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,76 For aluminum alloys a typical example is the scrap-related inheritance of an enhanced iron content. 194,380,606 Increased amounts of iron from the admixed scrap can lead to undesirable intermetallic phases and thus to embrittlement Table 49. Research Topics Related to the Science of "Dirty Alloys" Thermodynamic and kinetic databases for contaminated alloy systems and intermetallic phases with >4 components.…”

Section: The Science Of "Dirty Alloys"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

138

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Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes of by-products every year. Therefore, metals must become more sustainable. A circular economy model does not work, because market demand exceeds the available scrap currently by about two-thirds. Even under optimal conditions, at least one-third of the metals will also in the future come from primary production, creating huge emissions. Although the influence of metals on global warming has been discussed with respect to mitigation strategies and socio-economic factors, the fundamental materials science to make the metallurgical sector more sustainable has been less addressed. This may be attributed to the fact that the field of sustainable metals describes a global challenge, but not yet a homogeneous research field. However, the sheer magnitude of this challenge and its huge environmental effects, caused by more than 2 billion tonnes of metals produced every year, make its sustainability an essential research topic not only from a technological point of view but also from a basic materials research perspective. Therefore, this paper aims to identify and discuss the most pressing scientific bottleneck questions and key mechanisms, considering metal synthesis from primary (minerals), secondary (scrap), and tertiary (re-mined) sources as well as the energy-intensive downstream processing. Focus is placed on materials science aspects, particularly on those that help reduce CO2 emissions, and less on process engineering or economy. The paper does not describe the devastating influence of metal-related greenhouse gas emissions on climate, but scientific approaches how to solve this problem, through research that can render metallurgy fossil-free. The content is considering only direct measures to metallurgical sustainability (production) and not indirect measures that materials leverage through their properties (strength, weight, longevity, functionality).

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Section: Sustainability-related Research Topics For Aluminum Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Element- and Alloy-specific Direct Sustainability Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sustainable Alloy Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Science Of "Dirty Alloys"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Materials Science behind Sustainable Metals and Alloys

Raabe

2023

Chem. Rev.

138

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“…In addition, the macrosegregation sets limitation on the productivity because the increase of billet size and casting speed promote the occurrence of this defect during DC casting. 13) Therefore, it is of great interest to obtain a thorough understanding of macrosegregation mechanism for its alleviation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floating Grain Characterization and Its Effects on Centerline Segregation of Direct-Chill Cast Al–Mg–Si Alloy Billets

Dong

Chen

Xia³

et al. 2020

Mater. Trans.

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Microstructure and microsegregation analysis were performed on a direct-chill (DC) cast AlMgSi alloy billet, aiming to quantitatively investigate the microscopic features of floating grain and its contribution to the negative centerline segregation. Microstructure results show some irregular grains, whose grain size and secondary dendrite arm spacing (DAS) are two times larger than that of the regular fine grains, appear only in the billet central region. The duplex grain structure, a mixture of internal coarse and peripheral finer dendrites within one grain, was clearly shown by the EPMA results, exhibiting special microsegregation features. The coarse dendrites are more solute-depleted than the nearby finer-DAS structure, in which the average concentration of solute Mg nearly equals to the nominal content. Based on the microscale features and solidification information of the alloy, the irregular grains exhibiting duplex dendrite feature are confirmed to be floating grain, which internal coarse dendrites are believed to mainly contribute to the negative centerline segregation. And the resulting segregation degree is quantitatively evaluated to be ³0.041 for solute Mg considering the floating grains in the billet center as against with the assumed 100% fine-DAS microstructure.

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