Transaminases in rat retina during development

Macaione, S; Cacioppo, F; Campisi, R; Ruggeri, P

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(73)90164-1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other hand, taurine levels in the heart and plasma decreased af ter birth and then increased after weaning to levels at 80 days of age that were 150 and 270% of those at 20 days of age and 90 and 75% of those at -1 day of age. These obser vations are similar to those reported by Macaione et al [4], The tissue and plasma taurine measure ments for rats at 80 days of age were made on 1 male and 1 female rat selected randomly from each of 9 litters. There was no differ ence in the taurine concentration in the liv ers.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Kuo¹,

Stipanuk²

1984

Neonatology

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The level of taurine and the activities of the two enzymes involved in its synthesis, cysteine dioxygenase and cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, were measured in tissues of rat dams during pregnancy and lactation and in their fetuses or pups. The most marked changes observed in the dams included an increased hepatic taurine concentration in late pregnancy (20 days), a decreased plasma taurine concentration during late pregnancy and throughout lactation, and a decrease in tissue cysteine dioxygenase activity in late lactation (20 days). These observations suggest that the dam’s taurine pools may be an important source of taurine for secretion in the milk and that pregnant dams may prepare for the onset of lactation by accumulating additional taurine in the liver. There was little if any correlation between the activities of either of these key enzymes in taurine synthesis and tissue taurine levels. The taurine concentrations in liver, brain, heart and plasma of the young decreased between 1 day before birth and 20 days of age. Cysteine dioxygenase and cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase specific activities increased in the brains of pups between birth and 20 days of age, and cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity increased in the livers of pups between birth and 20 days of age. Cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity in 80-day-old male rats was more than six times that in female littermates, but no effects of sex on cysteine dioxygenase activity or tissue taurine concentrations were observed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Kuo¹,

Stipanuk²

1984

Neonatology

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“…Does phosphoethanolamine concentration increase in all tissues postpartum or just in uterine smooth muscle? Do the changes in taurine levels previously reported in the neonatal and adult heart (Macaione, Tucci & Di Giorgio, 1975) occur in other tissues? Do phosphoethanolamine concentrations decline during development in tissues other than the brain?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developmental and gestational changes of phosphoethanolamine and taurine in rat brain, striated and smooth muscle

Turner¹,

Phoenix²,

Wray³

1994

Experimental Physiology

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SUM NI AR YConcentrations of taurine and phosphoethanolamine in rat smooth (intestinaLl aLnd uterine), skeletal and cardiac muscle, and brain have been determined, using high-performiiance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to examine possible interrelationships in their tissue content. Concentrations were determined in fetal and neonatal samples, as well as in aLdult tissue, to investigate whether phosphoethanolanmine and taurine levels are influenced by developmental st(ate. The effect of gestational state was also studied. A marked decrease in cerebral phosphoethanolamine concentration during development was found together with a concomitant decrease in striated muscle but not in the two smooth muscles studied. A rise in uterine phosphoethanolamine during the early postpartum period confirmed previous NMR dalta. This occurred only in the uterus, suggesting it is specific to the process of involution within the myometrium. Tauline concentrations showed no consistent pattern of change with postnatal development. In adult animals, the highest levels of ta-urine were found in cardiac muscle. Pregnancy wa1s Cassocialted with al fall in taLurine concentration in all tissues, suggesting an influence of steroid hormones. As taLurine is cotransported with Na-in many systems it may be related to the increased water retention seen in pregnancy. It is concluded that mnarked changes in phosphoetlhanolamine and taurine levels occur during development and gestation, but that the changes are not interdependent. i.e. the changes are tissUe specific.

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“…Additionally, AAT activity is closely matched with malate dehydrogenase activity (Ross and Godfrey, 1985). Alanine levels also increased in some bipolar and amacrine cell populations from P7 to P14, closely associating with the elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity (from P5 to P15) and onset of aerobic metabolism (Graymore, 1959, 1960; Macaione et al, 1973). Alanine content of photoreceptors however decreased considerably at an early age whilst Müller cell endfeet were always highly alanine immunoreactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Moreover, some neurotransmitters, their receptors and uptake systems develop before the onset of synaptogenesis, suggesting that these substances have roles other than neurotransmission during development (Cherubini et al, 1991). The distribution and expression of amino acid neurotransmitters has been studied in many mammalian retinae (Fletcher and Kalloniatis, 1997;Gibson et al, 2013;Macaione et al, 1973;Pow et al, 1994). However, these studies have merely described amino acid changes within generalized retinal populations and have not reported the relationship between neurotransmitters and their precursors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid signatures in the developing mouse retina

Nivison‐Smith

Chua

Tan

et al. 2013

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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This study characterizes the developmental patterns of seven key amino acids: glutamate, γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamine, aspartate, alanine and taurine in the mouse retina. We analyze amino acids in specific bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cell sub-populations (i.e. GABAergic vs. glycinergic amacrine cells) and anatomically distinct regions of photoreceptors and Müller cells (i.e. cell bodies vs. endfeet) by extracting data from previously described pattern recognition analysis. Pattern recognition statistically classifies all cells in the retina based on their neurochemical profile and surpasses the previous limitations of anatomical and morphological identification of cells in the immature retina. We found that the GABA and glycine cellular content reached adult-like levels in most neurons before glutamate. The metabolic amino acids glutamine, aspartate and alanine also reached maturity in most retinal cells before eye opening. When the overall amino acid profiles were considered for each cell group, ganglion cells and GABAergic amacrine cells matured first, followed by glycinergic amacrine cells and finally bipolar cells. Photoreceptor cell bodies reached adult-like amino acid profiles at P7 whilst Müller cells acquired typical amino acid profiles in their cell bodies at P7 and in their endfeet by P14. We further compared the amino acid profiles of the C57Bl/6J mouse with the transgenic X-inactivation mouse carrying the lacZ gene on the X chromosome and validated this animal model for the study of normal retinal development. This study provides valuable insight into normal retinal neurochemical maturation and metabolism and benchmark amino acid values for comparison with retinal disease, particularly those which occur during development.

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Transaminases in rat retina during development

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Changes in Cysteine Dioxygenase and Cysteinesulfinate Decarboxylase Activities and Taurine Levels in Tissues of Pregnant or Lactating Rat Dams and Their Fetuses or Pups

Developmental and gestational changes of phosphoethanolamine and taurine in rat brain, striated and smooth muscle

Amino acid signatures in the developing mouse retina

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