Transatlantic Earth Potential Variations During the March 1989 Magnetic Storms

Medford, L. V.; Lanzerotti, L. J.; Kraus, J. S.; Maclennan, C. G.

doi:10.1029/gl016i010p01145

Cited by 58 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Design changes were made in telephone cable power systems following this 1972 event. The changes in the powering system would appear to have prevented the outage of the first transatlantic fiber cable (Medford et al 1989) in the March 1989 geomagnetic storm that caused the electrical power blackout of the province of Quebec (Czech et al 1989).…”

Section: Technologies Based Upon Long Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

Lanzerotti

2017

Space Sci Rev

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A somewhat personalized overview is presented of the effects of solar-terrestrial processes on electrical technologies, beginning with the electrical telegraphs in the mideighteenth century to the current era of extensive ground-and space-based commercial and governmental technical systems (including national security) upon which modern society depends. As human technologies increased in diversity over the last century and a half, space weather effects have continued to be of significant importance in the successful design and operations of many of these technologies.

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Section: Technologies Based Upon Long Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

Lanzerotti

2017

Space Sci Rev

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“…Many of these cable systems are made of optical bers. However, Sigray et al (2004), Medford et al (1989) and Flosadóttir et al (1997) discuss various methods to measure voltage across an undersea optical cable system. It would, thus be interesting to predict the voltage variations across the network of cables in Indian Ocean due to the motional induction by tsunami.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can undersea voltage measurements detect tsunamis?

et al. 2010

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The movement of electrically conducting ocean water in the ambient geomagnetic eld induces secondary electric and magnetic elds in the oceans. Ocean water transport is now routinely inferred from undersea cable voltage data. We try to answer the question whether the method could also be useful to detect tsunami. A barotropic shallow water model along with a three-dimensional electromagnetic induction code was used to predict the electric elds induced by the Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004. We show that the ocean ow related to the Indian Ocean Tsunami must have induced electric voltages of the order of ±500 mV across the existing submarine cables in the Indian Ocean. The electric elds induced by the Tsunami ow have strength within the range of ±10 mV/km, with enhancements along the main ow region and near the coasts and islands. Thus, making use of the in-service or retired submarine cables to measure the electric potential across oceans, it may be possible to detect water movement related to tsunami.

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“…The outage for nearly an hour of a major continental telecommunications cable that stretched from near Chicago to the west coast was disrupted between the Illinois and Iowa powering stations by the magnetic storm of August 1972 Boteler and Jansen van Beek, 1999]. In March 1989, when the entire province of Quebec suffered a power outage for nearly a day as major transformers failed under the onslaught of a large geomagnetic storm [Czech et al, 1992], the first cross-Atlantic fibre voice cable was rendered nearly inoperative by the large potential difference that was established between the cable terminals on the coasts of New Jersey and England [Medford et al, 1989].…”

Section: The Space Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards

Daglis¹

2001

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Subject Terms Report Classification unclassified Classification of this page unclassified Classification of Abstract unclassified Limitation of Abstract UU Number of Pages 486REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, -to review recent spacecraft measurements that have provided new insight into the dynamics and effects of space storms; -to review space weather hazards associated with space storms and pertinent to the operation of technological systems in space and on ground;-to discuss and assess methods of space weather forecasting, as well as national and international initiatives towards an efficient development of space climatology.Space weather, the invisible but nevertheless effective result of solar activity and solar-terrestrial coupling, has affected the operations of communication systems since the appearance of telegraph in the 19th century, though as an unknown trouble factor. Nowadays, the effects of space weather affect in various ways all communication modes, from cable to wireless to space-based systems. Moreover, space weather hazards include malfunction or even permanent damage of power distribution grids and of telecommunication, navigation and surveillance satellites, disturbances of over-the-horizon (OTH) radar, HF, VHF and UHF communications, surveying and navigation systems that use Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites, surveillance (optical and radar), and satellite tracking. Space weather influences on the Earth's weather and climate is still a developing topic. Little is known concerning the biological effects of space weather, especially regarding astronauts.This Institute could not be timelier. Space Weather, which has been defined as "conditions on the sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance and reliability of space-and ground-based technological systems and can endanger human life", encompasses a broad range of phenomena impacting both space science and technology. The effects of Space Weather, while present throughout the solar cycle, gain particular prominence around the peak of the 11-year sunspot activity; the maximum of cycle 23 occurred in summer 2000.The fact that this ASI on Space Weather was held in Europe is particularly appropriate. European countries host a considerable repository of knowledge and world-class facilities in this field. Nevertheless, while Space Weather activities in c...

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Transatlantic Earth Potential Variations During the March 1989 Magnetic Storms

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Space Weather: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

Space Weather: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives

Can undersea voltage measurements detect tsunamis?

Space Storms and Space Weather Hazards

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