Transboundary Pollution between Guangdong Province and Hong Kong: Threats to Water Quality in the Pearl River Estuary and Their Implications for Environmental Policy and Planning

Abstract

The Pearl River (Zhujiang) is the largest river system in southern China. The river, which is approximately 2200 km long, discharges into the South China Sea through an extensive deltaic area to the west of Hong Kong. Water quality in the river is under threat from a variety of sources associated with industrializationand urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR). Hong Kong's location on the eastern bank of the Pearl River estuary means that the quality of its western marine waters is likely to be increasingly influenced by the Pearl's pollution burden. Little published material exists on pollution in the Pearl River, or the potential impacts of transboundary pollution on marine water quality in Hong Kong. This paper focuses on this issue of transboundary water pollution between the Delta Region and Hong Kong. Specifically, we present the results of a preliminary analysis of water quality data for the Pearl River. The paper demonstrates that the major potential problem affecting the Pearl River is organic pollution, and that the principal sources of pollution affecting the Pearl River estuary, and consequently Hong Kong's western waters, are the Shenzhen River, the upstream Guangzhou section of the Pearl River, and the Dongguan Canal. We estimate that less than 5% of untreated domestic sewage discharges affecting the estuary derive from Hong Kong itself. The paper also discusses the implications of transboundary pollution in the context of environmentalpolicy making in Hong Kong and argues that more extensive and effective co-operation and collaboration between Hong Kong and mainland agencies should be developed to address these concerns.

Trace metal distribution in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and the surrounding coastal area, South China

“…However, the concentrations of the major elements and Ni were similar in both areas (see Table 2). These results imply that the sediments in the PRE received comparatively higher inputs of anthropogenic trace metals in the estuary than its surrounding coastal area, possibly because of the wide use of trace metals in industry and their presence in emissions from urban centres in the PRD region (Hills et al, 1998;Li et al, 2000b). The dispersal of trace metals in sediments is related to the transport and deposition processes from sources to sinks in the coastal area.…”

Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China

“…The establishment of industrial operations and subsequent expansion of the population have considerably increased industrial and municipal wastewater discharge and other pollutant emissions in the region (Guangdong Environmental Protection Bureau, 1996;Hills et al, 1998). Coupled with the lack of pollution controls, human activities associated with these developments have caused significant impacts on the local environment (Chen, 1992;Florig, 1997;Hill et al, 1998;Ji et al, 2000;Li et al, 2000).…”

Monsoonal influence on seasonal variations in nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in coastal waters of Hong Kong in the vicinity of the Pearl River estuary

“…The region, including Hong Kong, has 26.5 million inhabitants and many primary and secondary industries. The Pearl River receives a high load of anthropogenic nutrients from increased activities in agriculture (Neller & Lam 1994), fish dike farming (Ruddle & Zhong 1988) and sewage effluents (Hills et al 1998) due to the population increase and economic development in southern China and the Pearl River delta region (Lin 1997).…”