“…All experiments were performed on semi-intact in vitro preparations generated from tadpoles that had been subjected to a unilateral embryonic inner ear extirpation or from untreated control animals and were obtained following a protocol described previously ( Knorr et al., 2021 ; specified in detail by Özugur et al., 2022 ). Tadpoles were first anesthetized in 0.05% 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222; Pharmaq Ltd. UK) at a room temperature of 22°C for 3–5 min and were then transferred into ice cold frog Ringer solution (75 mM NaCl, 25 mM NaHCO 3 , 2 mM CaCl 2 , 2 mM KCl, 0.1 mM MgCl 2 , and 11 mM glucose, pH 7.4).…”
“…All experiments were performed on semi-intact in vitro preparations generated from tadpoles that had been subjected to a unilateral embryonic inner ear extirpation or from untreated control animals and were obtained following a protocol described previously ( Knorr et al., 2021 ; specified in detail by Özugur et al., 2022 ). Tadpoles were first anesthetized in 0.05% 3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester methanesulfonate (MS-222; Pharmaq Ltd. UK) at a room temperature of 22°C for 3–5 min and were then transferred into ice cold frog Ringer solution (75 mM NaCl, 25 mM NaHCO 3 , 2 mM CaCl 2 , 2 mM KCl, 0.1 mM MgCl 2 , and 11 mM glucose, pH 7.4).…”
“…Similar strategies have been implemented for targeted delivery of vivo-morpholinos to the retina 7 and algae to the blood vessels of the brain. 8 Our tail vein protocol allows for systematic delivery throughout the tadpole, as shown with our 2NBDG experiments, and is adaptable for quickly and efficiently scaling up experiments to acquire enough animals for downstream studies. Figure 6 Tadpoles after recovery from injection After completing this protocol, tadpoles should appear as on the left with minimal injury to the tail.…”
“…Behavioral tests were performed at multiple time points to determine any improvement to their neuronal functions. The supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D successfully reduced the blood levels of total tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1 in those TBI rats [ 93 ].…”
Microalgae are a kind of photoautotrophic microorganism, which are small, fast in their growth rate, and widely distributed in seawater and freshwater. They have strong adaptability to diverse environmental conditions and contain various nutrients. Many scholars have suggested that microalgae can be considered as a new food source, which should be developed extensively. More importantly, in addition to containing nutrients, microalgae are able to produce a great number of active compounds such as long-chain unsaturated fatty acids, pigments, alkaloids, astaxanthin, fucoidan, etc. Many of these compounds have been proven to possess very important physiological functions such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor functions, regulation of the metabolism, etc. This article aimed to review the physiological functions and benefits of the main microalgae-derived bioactive molecules with their physiological effects.
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