Transcortical motor aphasia: One or two aphasias?

Ardila, Alfredo; Lopez, Maria Victoria

doi:10.1016/0093-934x(84)90099-3

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Systematic examinations have shown that nonfluency arises for different reasons across individuals whose pattern of language impairment can be characterized as TCMA. (11) Some individuals with TCMA are nonfluent because of a grammatical deficit combined with significant difficulty with word finding during the course of sentence generation. (9) Word retrieval difficulty is usually evident in confrontation picture naming as well.…”

Section: Nonfluency In Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of adynamia in aphasia

Raymer¹

2003

Front Biosci

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Transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA) is an acquired impairment of language expression that occurs following neurologic damage that affects left frontal cortex and spares perisylvian regions. In some individuals with TCMA, verbal expression is rendered nonfluent due to difficulty spontaneously initiating and elaborating upon verbal messages. Nonfluency arises from impaired activation of intended messages and inhibition of competing verbal expressions. This impairment of the intentional aspects of language expression can be termed 'adynamia.' Because adynamic forms of TCMA occur infrequently, few systematic treatment investigations have been reported for this condition. Behavioral treatments have been proposed to engage intact frontal regions to improve the ability to initiate spontaneous verbal expression. Some data suggest that nonsymbolic limb movements performed in the context of speaking activities, a form of what Luria termed gestural reorganization, may improve the adynamic verbal expression. (1) In addition, the influence of pharmacologic treatment with bromocriptine, a dopaminergic agonist, has been considered for its effects on verbal nonfluency in aphasia. Individuals classified as TCMA are more likely to benefit than those with other forms of nonfluent aphasia, suggesting an influence of bromocriptine on circuits necessary to activate spontaneous language. Additional studies are warranted that contrast behavioral and pharmacologic interventions to determine optimal conditions to improve verbal expression in adynamic forms of aphasia.

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Section: Nonfluency In Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of adynamia in aphasia

Raymer¹

2003

Front Biosci

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“…Jonas (1981) later referred to the participation of the SMA in speech emission. The occlusion of the left anterior cerebral artery is the most frequent aetiology, but it has also been reported in cases of tumours and traumatic head injury (e.g., Ardila & Ló pez, 1984). Speech is characterised by (1) an initial mutism lasting about 2-10 days;…”

Section: Supplementary Motor Area (Sma) Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 98%

Aristotle's functional association psychology. The syntagmatic and the paradigmatic axes in the neurolinguistics of Roman Jakobson and Alexander Luria: An anatomical and functional quagmire

Buckingham

2010

Aphasiology

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Background: Different classifications of aphasic disorders have been proposed over the years. During recent decades new approaches to aphasia study have been developed, suggesting that current aphasia classifications can and should be reconsidered. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to attempt to integrate contemporary knowledge about brain organisation of language and to propose a new aphasia classification. Main Contribution: It is emphasised that there are two fundamental forms of aphasia, which are linked to impairments in the lexical/semantic and grammatical systems of language (Wernicke-type aphasia and Broca-type aphasia, respectively). Grammar correlates with the ability to represent actions (verbs) and depends on what is known as Broca's area and its related brain circuits, but it is also related to the ability to quickly carry out the sequencing of articulatory movements required for speaking (speech praxis). Lexical/semantic and grammatical systems not only depend on different brain circuitries, but also on different types of memory and learning (declarative and procedural). Other aphasic syndromes do not really impair language knowledge per se, but rather peripheral mechanisms required to produce language (conduction aphasia and aphasia of the supplementary motor area), or the executive control of the language (extra-Sylvian or transcortical motor aphasia). Conclusions: A new classification of aphasic syndromes is proposed: primary (or ''central'') aphasias (Wernicke's aphasia-three subtypes-and Broca aphasia); secondary (or ''peripheral'') aphasias (conduction aphasia and supplementary motor area aphasia); and dysexecutive aphasia (extra-Sylvian-transcortical-motor aphasia), are distinguished.Over 20 different aphasia classifications have been proposed since Broca's first report (Broca, 1863). Table 1 presents the main aphasia classification proposals presented in recent decades. However, two points should be emphasised: (1) some of these classifications have played a guiding role in clinical practice and language research; and (2) differences are frequently observed in the names used, not in the clinical characterisation of the aphasia syndromes.

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“…Uneinigkeit herrscht auch hinsichtlich der Gleichsetzung der TMA mit der frontalen dynamischen (auch: adynamischen) Aphasie nach Luria (1977). Mal werden sie als distinkte Formen aufgefasst [ 15 ] , mal wird die dynamische Aphasie als Unter-oder Sonderform der TMA konzeptualisiert [ 16 ] . Wie auch immer: Die Bezeichnung "Aphasie" ist unpassend, da primär exekutive Defizite bestehen, die sich auch auf anderen Verhaltensebenen manifestieren.…”

Section: Sma-aphasie Und Frontale Dynamische Aphasieunclassified

Die Auswirkungen von Frontalhirnläsionen auf Sprachverarbeitungsprozesse – ein Überblick

Heidler

2012

Sprache Stimme Gehör

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Transcortical motor aphasia: One or two aphasias?

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Treatment of adynamia in aphasia

Treatment of adynamia in aphasia

Aristotle's functional association psychology. The syntagmatic and the paradigmatic axes in the neurolinguistics of Roman Jakobson and Alexander Luria: An anatomical and functional quagmire

Die Auswirkungen von Frontalhirnläsionen auf Sprachverarbeitungsprozesse – ein Überblick

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