Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on the Precuneus in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review

Millet, Bruno; Mouchabac, Stéphane; Robert, Gabriel; Maatoug, Redwan; Dondaine, Thibaut; Ferreri, Florian; Bourla, Alexis

doi:10.3390/brainsci13091332

Brain Sciences

2023

DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091332

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on the Precuneus in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review

Bruno Millet,

Stéphane Mouchabac,

Gabriel Robert

et al.

Abstract: The current literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rTMS on the precuneus as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the number of studies specifically targeting the precuneus is limited, the results from this review suggest the potential benefits of this approach. Future studies should focus on exploring the long-term effects of rTMS on the precuneus in Alzheimer’s disease patients, as well as determining the optimal stimulation parameters and protocols for this populatio… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

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Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review

Mohammadi,

Ghaderi,

Fatehi

2024

Aging Medicine

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Early cerebral and body iron dysregulation and accumulation interact with AD pathology, particularly in the precuneus, a crucial functional hub in cognitive functions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel post‐processing approach, provides insights into tissue iron levels and cerebral oxygen metabolism and reveals abnormal iron accumulation early in AD. Increased iron deposition in the precuneus can lead to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and accelerated neurodegeneration. Metabolic disorders (diabetes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity), genetic factors, and small vessel pathology contribute to abnormal iron accumulation in the precuneus. Therefore, in line with the growing body of literature in the precuneus region of patients with AD, QSM as a neuroimaging method could serve as a non‐invasive biomarker to track disease progression, complement other imaging modalities, and aid in early AD diagnosis and monitoring.

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Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review

Mohammadi,

Ghaderi,

Fatehi

2024

Aging Medicine

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Epileptic activity on foramen ovale electrodes is associated with sleep and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease

Devulder,

Vanderlinden,

Van Langenhoven

et al. 2024

Brain

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Both sleep alterations and epileptiform activity are associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau pathology and are currently investigated for potential therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, a bidirectional intertwining relation between sleep and neuronal hyperexcitability might modulate the effects of AD pathology on the corresponding associations. To investigate this, we performed multiple day simultaneous foramen ovale (FO) plus scalp EEG and polysomnography (PSG) recordings and acquired 18F-MK6240 tau PET-MR in three patients in the prodromal stage of AD and in two patients with mild and moderate dementia due to AD, respectively. As an eligibility criterion for the present study, subjects either had a history of a recent seizure (n = 2) or subclinical epileptiform activity (SEA) on a previous scalp EEG taken in a research context (n = 3). The 18F-MK6240 standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) and asymmetry index (AI) were calculated in a priori defined volumes of interest (VOIs). Linear mixed effects models were used to study associations between interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), PSG parameters and 18F-MK6240 SUVR. Epileptiform activity was bilateral but asymmetrically present on FO electrodes in all patients and ≥ 95% of IEDs were not visible on scalp EEG. In one patient two focal seizures were detected on FO electrodes, both without visual scalp EEG correlate. We observed lateralized periodic discharges, brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges and lateralized rhythmic delta activity on FO electrodes in four patients. Unlike scalp EEG, intracranial electrodes showed a lateralization of epileptiform activity. Although the amount of IEDs on intracranial electrodes was not associated to the 18F-MK6240 SUVR binding in different VOIs, there was a congruent asymmetry of the 18F-MK6240 binding towards the most epileptic hemisphere for the mesial (P = 0.007) and lateral temporal cortex (P = 0.006). IEDs on intracranial electrodes were most abundant during slow wave sleep (SWS) (92/h) and N2 (81/h), followed by N1 (33/h) and least frequent during wakefulness (17/h) and REM sleep (9/h). The extent of IEDs during sleep was not reflected in the relative time in each sleep stage spent (REM% (P = 0.415), N1% (P = 0.668), N2% (P = 0.442), SWS% (P = 0.988)), and not associated with the arousal index (P = 0.317), apnea-hypopnea index (P = 0.846) or oxygen desaturation index (P = 0.746). Together, our observations suggest a multi-directional interaction between sleep, epileptiform activity and tau pathology in AD.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) on the Precuneus in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review

Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review

Epileptic activity on foramen ovale electrodes is associated with sleep and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease

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