Transcriptome Analysis of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) during Seed Development and Liquid Wax Ester Biosynthesis

Alotaibi, Saqer S.; Elseehy, Mona M.; Aljuaid, Bandar S.; El-Shehawi, Ahmed M.

doi:10.3390/plants9050588

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This perennial woody plant is the only species in the family Simmondsiaceae (Kumar et al., 2019 ). Jojoba is used (Alotaibi et al., 2020 ; Arya and Khan, 2016 ; Kumar et al., 2019 ; Sturtevant et al., 2020 ) to produce a unique liquid wax easter (jojoba oil), which represents 45–55% of the jojoba female seed weight (Inoti, 2018 ). Jojoba oil has many important characteristics, which makes it a renewable candidate source of biodiesel production (Sandouqa and Al‐Hamamre, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The jojoba genome reveals wide divergence of the sex chromosomes in a dioecious plant

et al. 2021

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SUMMARY Most flowering plants are hermaphrodites, but around 6% of species are dioecious, having separate male and female plants. Sex chromosomes and some sex‐specific genes have been reported in plants, but the genome sequences have not been compared. We now report the genome sequence of male and female jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) plants, revealing a very large difference in the sex chromosomes. The male genome assembly was 832 Mb and the female 822 Mb. This was explained by the large size differences in the Y chromosome (37.6 Mb) compared with the X chromosome (26.9 Mb). Relative to the X chromosome, the Y chromosome had two large insertions each of more than 5 Mb containing more than 400 genes. Many of the genes in the chromosome‐specific regions were novel. These male‐specific regions included many flowering‐related and stress response genes. Smaller insertions found only in the X chromosome totalled 877 kb. The wide divergence of the sex chromosomes suggests a long period of adaptation to diverging sex‐specific roles. Male and female plants may have evolved to accommodate factors such as differing reproductive resource allocation requirements under the stress of the desert environment in which the plants are found. The sex‐determining regions accumulate genes beneficial to each sex. This has required the evolution of many more novel sex‐specific genes than has been reported for other organisms. This suggest that dioecious plants provide a novel source of genes for manipulation of reproductive performance and environmental adaptation in crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The jojoba genome reveals wide divergence of the sex chromosomes in a dioecious plant

et al. 2021

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“…Initially, the young seed contains mainly water, the content of which decreases linearly with time, being replaced with wax (Figure 2d,e). The wax synthesis pathway in jojoba has recently been described by Alotaibi et al [30] and Sturtevant et al [31]. The fruit and seed reach their peak weight in parallel to wax accumulation reaching ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Vegetative and Reproductive Response to Fruit Load in Two Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Cultivars

2021

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Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a wax crop cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This crop has been described as an alternate-bearing plant, meaning that it has a high-yield year (“on-year”) followed by a low-yield year (“off-year”). We investigated the effect of fruit load on jojoba’s vegetative and reproductive development. For two consecutive years, we experimented with two high-yielding cultivars—Benzioni and Hazerim—which had opposite fruit loads, i.e., one was under an on-year load, while the other was under an off-year load simultaneously. We found that removing the developing fruit from the shoot during an off-year promotes further vegetative growth in the same year, whereas in an on-year, this action has no effect. Moreover, after fruit removal in an on-year, there was a delay in vegetative growth renewal in the consecutive year, suggesting that the beginning of the growing period is dependent on the previous year’s yield load. We found that seed development in the 2018 season started a month earlier than in the 2017 season in both cultivars, regardless of fruit load. This early development was associated with higher wax content in the seeds. Hence, the wax accumulation rate, as a percentage of dry weight, was affected by year and not by fruit load. However, on-year seeds stopped growing earlier than off-year seeds, resulting in smaller seeds and an overall lower amount of wax per seed.

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“…5 B). In plants, FA production involves the de novo synthesis and elongation of FAs in plastids and the desaturation of FAs and TAG assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum [ 5 , 31 , 32 ]. However, there have been relatively few studies that examined FA synthesis based on a multi-omics approach (i.e., transcriptomic, translatomic, and proteomic).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosome footprint profiling enables elucidating the systemic regulation of fatty acid accumulation in Acer truncatum

Wang

et al. 2023

BMC Biol

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Background The accumulation of fatty acids in plants covers a wide range of functions in plant physiology and thereby affects adaptations and characteristics of species. As the famous woody oilseed crop, Acer truncatum accumulates unsaturated fatty acids and could serve as the model to understand the regulation and trait formation in oil-accumulation crops. Here, we performed Ribosome footprint profiling combing with a multi-omics strategy towards vital time points during seed development, and finally constructed systematic profiling from transcription to proteomes. Additionally, we characterized the small open reading frames (ORFs) and revealed that the translational efficiencies of focused genes were highly influenced by their sequence features. Results The comprehensive multi-omics analysis of lipid metabolism was conducted in A. truncatum. We applied the Ribo-seq and RNA-seq techniques, and the analyses of transcriptional and translational profiles of seeds collected at 85 and 115 DAF were compared. Key members of biosynthesis-related structural genes (LACS, FAD2, FAD3, and KCS) were characterized fully. More meaningfully, the regulators (MYB, ABI, bZIP, and Dof) were identified and revealed to affect lipid biosynthesis via post-translational regulations. The translational features results showed that translation efficiency tended to be lower for the genes with a translated uORF than for the genes with a non-translated uORF. They provide new insights into the global mechanisms underlying the developmental regulation of lipid metabolism. Conclusions We performed Ribosome footprint profiling combing with a multi-omics strategy in A. truncatum seed development, which provides an example of the use of Ribosome footprint profiling in deciphering the complex regulation network and will be useful for elucidating the metabolism of A. truncatum seed oil and the regulatory mechanisms.

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Transcriptome Analysis of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) during Seed Development and Liquid Wax Ester Biosynthesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 69 publications

The jojoba genome reveals wide divergence of the sex chromosomes in a dioecious plant

The jojoba genome reveals wide divergence of the sex chromosomes in a dioecious plant

Vegetative and Reproductive Response to Fruit Load in Two Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Cultivars

Ribosome footprint profiling enables elucidating the systemic regulation of fatty acid accumulation in Acer truncatum

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