Transcriptome and proteome analysis of pregnancy and postpartum anoestrus ovaries in yak

Abstract

Background Domestic yaks are the most important livestock species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Adult female yaks normally breed in the warm season (July to September) and enter anestrous in the cold season ( November to April ) . Nevertheless, it is unclear how ovarian activity is regulated at the molecular level. Objectives The peculiarities of yak reproduction were assessed to explore the molecular mechanism of postpartum anestrus ovaries in yaks after pregnancy and parturition. Methods Sixty female yaks with calves were observed under natural grazing in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province. Three yak ovaries in pregnancy and postpartum anestrus were collected. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics were employed to analyze the pregnancy and postpartum ovaries after hypothermia to identify the genes and proteins related to the postpartum ovarian cycle. Results The results revealed 841 differentially expressed genes during the postpartum hypoestrus cycle; 347 were up-regulated and 494 genes were down-regulated. Fifty-seven differential proteins were screened: 38 were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. The differential genes and proteins were related to the yak reproduction process, rhythm process, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway categories. Conclusions Transcriptome and proteomic sequencing approaches were used to investigate postpartum anestrus and pregnancy ovaries in yaks. The results confirmed that BHLHE40, SF1IX1, FBPX1, HSPCA, LHCGR, BMP15, and ET-1R could affect postpartum hypoestrus and control the state of estrus.

First Isolation and Characteristics of Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 from Yaks

“…The yak (Bos grunniens) is a distinct species within the family Bovidae that inhabits the high-altitude Tibet Plateau of China, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Russia [22]. Yaks are essential sources for the local herdsmen [23]. Respiratory diseases are common in yaks and cause significant economic losses to the yak industry [24], and BRDC-related viruses have been identified in the yaks, including bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) [25,26]; however, information regarding the BPIV3 infection in yaks is largely unknown.…”

Integrative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in the female goat hypothalamus to study the onset of puberty

“…The TMT-based proteomics and phosphoproteomics strategy is the powerful technique for the global analysis of signaling networks in defined biological systems [ 29 , 30 ]. In the field of livestock reproduction, proteomics has been used to determine the molecular basis of hypothalamic function [ 31 ], sperm performance [ 32 ], and ovarian development [ 33 ]. However, an in-depth study of the proteome and phosphoproteome at different developmental stages in the goat hypothalamus has not been reported to date.…”

Seasonal changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress and ovarian steroidogenesis in the muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus)

“…One of them is the reproductive function, which is in charge of maturing and releasing oocytes for fertilization, and the other is the endocrine function, which is in charge of producing and secreting sex hormones including progesterone and estrogen ( 16 ). The steroid hormone synthesis and secretion is a complex process that is closely regulated and controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), cytokines, and some protein enzymes ( 17 ). To begin, steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) proteins must be used to transport cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane from the outer mitochondrial membrane ( 18 ).…”