Transcriptome immunomodulation of in-feed additives in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infested with sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi

Núñez‐Acuña, Gustavo; Gonçalves, Ana Teresa; Valenzuela-Muñoz, Valentina; Pino-Marambio, J.; Wadsworth, Simón; Gallardo‐Escárate, Cristian

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.009

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Enzymatic antioxidants neutralize the excessive ROS and restore the cellular redox equilibrium. Many genes encoding antioxidant enzymes were transcriptionally suppressed (e.g., gsta, gpx7, prxl2a, and prdx1-a) by chalimi in infected animals compared to PRE, indicating that redox homeostasis was disturbed by the sea lice infection, as reported earlier [77]. However, in agreement with previous studies in salmonid skin [23,39], our microarray results revealed upregulated txn-b expression in ATT compared with ADJ ( Supplementary Figure S4B).…”

Section: Chalimus-induced Changes In O 2 Transport and Redox Homeostasissupporting

confidence: 91%

Transcriptomic Profiling in Fins of Atlantic Salmon Parasitized with Sea Lice: Evidence for an Early Imbalance Between Chalimus-Induced Immunomodulation and the Host’s Defense Response

Umasuthan

Xue

Caballero‐Solares

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Parasitic sea lice (e.g., Lepeophtheirus salmonis) cause costly outbreaks in salmon farming. Molecular insights into parasite-induced host responses will provide the basis for improved management strategies. We investigated the early transcriptomic responses in pelvic fins of Atlantic salmon parasitized with chalimus I stage sea lice. Fin samples collected from non-infected (i.e., pre-infected) control (PRE) and at chalimus-attachment sites (ATT) and adjacent to chalimus-attachment sites (ADJ) from infected fish were used in profiling global gene expression using 44K microarrays. We identified 6568 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%) that included 1928 shared DEPs between ATT and ADJ compared to PRE. The ATT versus ADJ comparison revealed 90 DEPs, all of which were upregulated in ATT samples. Gene ontology/pathway term network analyses revealed profound changes in physiological processes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, tissue repair/remodeling and wound healing, immunity and defense, chemotaxis and signaling, antiviral response, and redox homeostasis in infected fins. The QPCR analysis of 37 microarray-identified transcripts representing these functional themes served to confirm the microarray results with a significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001). Most immune/defense-relevant transcripts were downregulated in both ATT and ADJ sites compared to PRE, suggesting that chalimus exerts immunosuppressive effects in the salmon’s fins. The comparison between ATT and ADJ sites demonstrated the upregulation of a suite of immune-relevant transcripts, evidencing the salmon’s attempt to mount an anti-lice response. We hypothesize that an imbalance between immunomodulation caused by chalimus during the early phase of infection and weak defense response manifested by Atlantic salmon makes it a susceptible host for L. salmonis.

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Section: Chalimus-induced Changes In O 2 Transport and Redox Homeostasissupporting

confidence: 91%

Transcriptomic Profiling in Fins of Atlantic Salmon Parasitized with Sea Lice: Evidence for an Early Imbalance Between Chalimus-Induced Immunomodulation and the Host’s Defense Response

Umasuthan

Xue

Caballero‐Solares

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“… Martinez-Rubio et al (2012 , 2014 ) reported on the dietary immunomodulation of gene expressions in the heart in response to immune challenging. Núñez-Acuña et al (2015) investigated the effects of plant-derived additives on the skin and heart kidney transcriptome in sea lice-infested Atlantic salmon. Eslamloo et al (2017) investigated whether vegetable and fish oils can alter antiviral responses of salmon macrophage-like cells by transcriptomic profiling but found similar activation of the immune-related pathways and functions between experimental groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Seaweeds in LPS Challenged Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar as Determined by Deep RNA Sequencing of the Head Kidney Transcriptome

et al. 2018

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Seaweeds may represent immuno-stimulants that could be used as health-promoting fish feed components. This study was performed to gain insights into the immunomodulatory effects of dietary seaweeds in Atlantic salmon. Specifically tested were 10% inclusion levels of Laminaria digitata (SW1) and a commercial blend of seaweeds (Oceanfeed®) (SW2) against a fishmeal based control diet (FMC). Differences between groups were assessed in growth, feed conversion ratio and blood parameters hematocrit and hemoglobin. After a LPS challenge of fish representing each of the three groups, RNAseq was performed on the head kidney as major immune organ to determine transcriptomic differences in response to the immune activation. Atlantic salmon fed with dietary seaweeds did not show major differences in performance in comparison with fishmeal fed fish. RNAseq resulted in ∼154 million reads which were mapped against a NCBI Salmo salar reference and against a de novo assembled S. salar reference for analyses of expression of immune genes and ontology of immune processes among the 87,600 cDNA contigs. The dietary seaweeds provoked a more efficient immune response which involved more efficient identification of the infection site, and processing and presentation of antigens. More specifically, chemotaxis and the chemokine-mediated signaling were improved and therewith the defense response to Gram-positive bacterium reduced. Specific Laminaria digitata effects included reduction of the interferon-gamma-mediated signaling. Highly upregulated and specific for this diet was the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein. The commercial blend of seaweeds caused more differential expression than Laminaria digitata and improved immune processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis and cell adhesion, and increased the expression of genes involved in response to lipopolysaccharide and inflammatory response. Particularly, expression of many important immune receptors was up-regulated illustrating increased responsiveness. NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha is an important gene that marked the difference between both seaweed diets as Laminaria digitata inhibits the expression for this cytokine while the blend of seaweeds stimulates it. It can be concluded that the inclusion of seaweeds such as Laminaria digitata can have important modulatory effects on the immune capacity of Atlantic salmon resulting in a more efficient immune response.

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“…RNA-seq has been widely used to study the impact of diferent diets in various ish species including Atlantic salmon [114], rainbow trout [115], channel catish (Iactalurus punctatus) [116], blue catish (Ictalurus furcatus) [117] and zebraish [118]. On the other hand, microarray has also been widely used to study nutrigenomics in diferent ish species that include Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, Atlantic cod (G. morhua) and Gilthead sea bream (S. aurata).…”

Section: Nutrigenomics In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Functional Genomics in Aquaculture

Munang’andu¹,

Evensen²

2017

Applications of RNA-Seq and Omics Strategies - From Microorganisms to Human Health

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Gene expression studies in aquaculture have slowly evolved from the traditional reductionist approach of single gene sequencing to high throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques able to sequence entire genomes of living organisms. The upcoming of HTS techniques has led to emergence of metagenomics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics and other omics technologies in aquaculture in the last decade. Metagenomics analyses have accelerated the speed at which emerging pathogens are being discovered, thereby contributing to the design of timely disease control strategies in aquaculture. Using metagenomics, it is easy to identify and monitor microbial communities found in diferent ecosystems. In vaccine production, genomic studies are being used to identify cross neutralizing antigens against variant strains of the same pathogens. In genetics and epigenetics, genomics traits have been identiied that are beginning to gain commercial applications in aquaculture. Nutrigenomics have not only enhanced our understanding of the biological markers for nutrition-related diseases, but they have also enhanced our ability to formulate diets able to maintain a stable immune homeostasis in the gut. Overall, herein, we have shown that functional genomics provide multifaceted applications ranging from monitoring microbial communities in aquatic environments to optimizing production systems in aquaculture.

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Transcriptome immunomodulation of in-feed additives in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infested with sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Transcriptomic Profiling in Fins of Atlantic Salmon Parasitized with Sea Lice: Evidence for an Early Imbalance Between Chalimus-Induced Immunomodulation and the Host’s Defense Response

Transcriptomic Profiling in Fins of Atlantic Salmon Parasitized with Sea Lice: Evidence for an Early Imbalance Between Chalimus-Induced Immunomodulation and the Host’s Defense Response

Immunomodulatory Effects of Dietary Seaweeds in LPS Challenged Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar as Determined by Deep RNA Sequencing of the Head Kidney Transcriptome

Current Advances in Functional Genomics in Aquaculture

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