Transcriptome Profiling of the Retained Fetal Membranes—An Insight in the Possible Pathogenesis of the Disease

Jaworska, Joanna; Ropka‐Molik, Katarzyna; Piórkowska, Katarzyna; Szmatoła, Tomasz; Kowalczyk-Zięba, Ilona; Wocławek-Potocka, Izabela; Siemieniuch, Marta

doi:10.3390/ani11030675

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Reproduction (2022) 163 R39-R54 purposes. Further, most of what we have learnt about the term placentae has been gleaned from data on control placentae for pathologies such as retained fetal membranes (Jaworska et al 2021). A full review of the most important genes found to be responsive to pathologies, environmental cues and mare factors can be found in Robles et al (Robles et al 2022).…”

Section: R47mentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of equine placental differentiation: insights from gene expression studies

et al. 2022

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Development and the subsequent function of the fetal membranes of the equine placenta requires both complex and precise regulation of gene expression. Advancements in recent years in bioinformatic techniques have allowed more extensive analyses into gene expression than ever before. This review starts by combining publically available transcriptomic datasets obtained from a range of embryonic, placental and maternal tissues, with previous knowledge of equine placental development and physiology, to gain insights into key gene families relevant to placentation in the horse. Covering the whole of pregnancy, the review covers trophectoderm, yolk sac, chorionic girdle cells, allantoamnion, allantochorion. In particular, 182 predicted ‘early high impact’ genes were identified (>100 TPM and >100 fold-change) that distinguish between progenitor trophectoderm, chorionic girdle tissue and allantochorion. Furthermore, 77 genes were identified as enriched in placental tissues (placental TPM > 10, with minimal expression in 12 non-placental < 1 TPM), including excellent candidates for functional studies such as IGF1, apolipoproteins, VGLL1, GCM1, CDX2 and FABP4. One gene with a currently unknown function was only identified (miR-675) in chorionic girdle but no other placental or adult tissues. It is pertinent that future studies focus on single cell transcriptomic approaches in order to determine how these changes in gene expression relate to tissue composition and start to better define trophoblast subpopulations in the equine placenta. Future functional characterisation of these genes and pathways will also be key not only to understanding normal placental development and fetal health but also their potential role in pathologies of pregnancy.

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Section: R47mentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of equine placental differentiation: insights from gene expression studies

et al. 2022

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“…Po drugie, zarówno aktywność MMP-2, jak i zawartość tkankowego inhibitora metaloproteinazy 2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2; TIMP-2) były niższe u tych właśnie klaczy. W ostatnio opublikowanej pracy wykazano zaburzenia na drodze sygnału prozapalnego i szlaku regulacji metaloproteinaz na poziomie mRNA u klaczy, u których zdiagnozowano zatrzymanie błon płodowych (27). Co ciekawe, obecnie uważa się, że enzymy proteolityczne nie tylko przebudowują ECM, ale także odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesie zapalnym, ponieważ zarówno pobudzają do odpowiedzi zapalnej, Ryc.…”

Section: Ryc 1 Ekspresja Białka Mhc-i W Tkankach łOżyska Klaczyunclassified

“…Dane użyte do przygotowania ryciny zostały opublikowane (54) i zdeponowane w publicznym repozytorium danych pod adresem https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fbg79cnr4 jak i same regulują jej przebieg (6,40,59,67). Jest to zgodne z innymi doniesieniami (26,27,54) o zaburzeniach szlaku syntezy prozapalnej u klaczy z zatrzymaniem błon płodowych (ryc. 3).…”

Section: Ryc 1 Ekspresja Białka Mhc-i W Tkankach łOżyska Klaczyunclassified

The role of placental immunological, pro-inflammatory, and proteolytic factors in the process of fetal membrane expulsion in mares

Rapacz-Leonard¹

2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The placenta is a temporary organ necessary for prenatal life and the development of eutherian mammals. In the mare it should be expelled within 3 hours of expulsion of the fetus. A delay in its separation can have serious or fatal consequences for mares. The preparation of the mare for the expulsion of the fetal membranes most likely requires immunological interactions between placental antigen and the mare’s immune system. The latest results suggest that fetal membrane retention is related to disorders of inflammatory processes in the placenta, including a lower expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2. These disorders in the pro-inflammatory response and disturbances in the activity of the proteolytic enzyme network may lead to adhesion between the fetal and the maternal parts of the placenta. The resulting adhesion may cause the fetal membranes to be thicker and less flexible, making them difficult to expel. Understanding the mechanism of placental retention may contribute to the development of effective methods to prevent and treat this condition.

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“…IL-1β acts as a modulator during ovulation, in oocyte maturation, during early embryonic development [ 33 , 34 ], and in the activation of the inflammatory response [ 28 , 35 , 36 ]. It also acts as a modulator of specialized cells of the immune system [ 11 , 30 ] and induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine Placentitis in Mares Induces the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine eIL-1β and the Active Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9

Morales-Vázquez,

Meza-Serrano,

Lara-Pereyra

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Equine placentitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of the placenta. Different biomarkers associated with this inflammatory response have been evaluated in experimentally induced equine placentitis, but not in pregnant mares with spontaneous placentitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the concentration of eIL-1β and the activity of proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 in the serum of healthy mares and mares with placentitis on days 240 and 320 of gestation to explore whether these biomarkers are associated with equine maternal placentitis and/or with the birth of an infected or inviable foals. Serum samples were collected from sixteen pregnant English Thoroughbred mares, retrospectively classified as follows: (1) healthy mares with full-term gestation; and (2) mares with ultrasonographic signs of placentitis. The health of each foal was examined at birth, and it was decided to classify the cases into four groups: (1) healthy mares delivering a healthy foals (HM-HF, n = 6); (2) mares with USP delivering a healthy foal (USP-HF, n = 3); (3) mares with USP delivering a live septic foal (USP-LSeF, n = 4); and (4) mares with USP delivering a dead foal (USP-DF, n = 3). eIL-1β was quantified by ELISA, and proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography electrophoresis. In healthy mares, the serum concentrations of eIL-1β underwent a significant 16.5-fold increase from day 240 to day 320 of gestation. Although similar results were found in the mares with ultrasonographic signs of placentitis that delivered a healthy foal, those delivering a live septic or nonviable foal exhibited much higher concentrations of eIL-1β. proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity was not associated with maternal placentitis, foal infection, or death. Hence, the presence of placentitis severe enough to affect the health of the foal can be confirmed or discarded by determining the eIL-1β concentration in mares that have shown ultrasonographic signs of placentitis.

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Transcriptome Profiling of the Retained Fetal Membranes—An Insight in the Possible Pathogenesis of the Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Markers of equine placental differentiation: insights from gene expression studies

Markers of equine placental differentiation: insights from gene expression studies

The role of placental immunological, pro-inflammatory, and proteolytic factors in the process of fetal membrane expulsion in mares

Equine Placentitis in Mares Induces the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine eIL-1β and the Active Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9

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