Transcriptomic Analysis of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Spontaneous Tumor

Abstract

Spontaneous tumors can develop in different organs of various plant species without any pathogen infection and, as a rule, appear in plants with a certain genotype: Mutants, interspecific hybrids, etc. In particular, among the inbred lines of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), lines that form spontaneous tumors on the taproot during the flowering period were obtained many years ago. In this work, we analyzed the differential gene expression in the spontaneous tumors of radish versus the lateral roots using the RNA-seq method. Data were obtained indicating the increased expression of genes associated with cell division and growth (especially genes that regulate G2-M transition and cytokinesis) in the spontaneous tumor. Among genes downregulated in the tumor tissue, genes participating in the response to stress and wounding, mainly involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and glucosinolates, were enriched. Our data will help elucidate the mechanisms of spontaneous tumor development in higher plants.

Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Tumour-Forming Radish (<em>Raphanus sativus</em> L.) Line

“…The RNA-seq of radish tumours compared to lateral roots revealed the differential expression of the more than 1600 genes [12]. Most of the pathways upregulated in radish tumours were associated with the control of cell division, showing extreme activation of this process in the tumour tissue [12]. In the present work, we have sequenced the genomes of two closely related radish inbred lines 18 and 19 that contrastingly differ in their ability to form tumours ( [9], Figure 1).…”

“…In our work, we sequenced the genomes of two closely related radish inbred lines which differ in their ability to form spontaneous tumours [9][10][11][12][13]. This is the first attempt to sequence the genome of plants with spontaneous tumours formation.…”

“…To search for probable candidate regulators of spontaneous tumour formation among genes containing selected SNVs in the line 19, we amplified the corresponding gene regions of several other tumour (12,13,14,16,20,21,32) and non-tumour (3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 37, 39) lines of the radish genetic collection.…”

“…Tumours on radish taproots originate from the pericycle and cambium as callus-like structure and later acquire features of secondary differentiation, such as vasculature, and meristematic foci similar to root apical meristems due to auxin maxima and WOX5 expression [11]. The RNA-seq of radish tumours compared to lateral roots revealed the differential expression of the more than 1600 genes [12]. Most of the pathways upregulated in radish tumours were associated with the control of cell division, showing extreme activation of this process in the tumour tissue [12].…”

Silicon quantum dots promote radish resistance to root herbivores without impairing rhizosphere microenvironment health

“…11 For JA biosynthesis, α-linolenic acid is catalyzed by lipoxygenases (LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS), allene oxide cyclase (AOC) and 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase (OPR) to JA and the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MYC2 regulates the termination of JA signalling. 32,33 Phenylpropanoid pathway participates in SA biosynthesis, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) were function at the first and second in the phenylpropanoid pathway, respectively. 11,34 Moreover, PR1 encoding pathogen-related protein 1, PR2 encoding beta 1,3 glucanase, and PR3 encoding basic chitinase were identified as three marker genes for the SAdependent systemic acquired resistance.…”