Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses revealed the modulatory effect of vernalization on glucosinolate metabolism in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Abstract

Vernalization is the process by which long-term cold like winter triggers transition to flowering in plants. Many biennial and perennial plants including Brassicaceae family plants require vernalization for floral transition. Not only floral transition, but dynamic physiological and metabolic changes might also take place during vernalization. However, vernalization-mediated metabolic change is merely investigated so far. One of secondary metabolites found in Brassiceceae family plants is glucosinolates (GSLs). GSLs provides defense against pathogens and herbivores attack in plants and also exhibits inhibitory activity against human cancer cell. Profiles of GSLs are highly modulated by different environmental stresses in Brassciaceae family plants. To grasp the effect of vernalization on GSLs metabolic dynamics in radish (Raphanus sativus L.), we performed transcriptomic and metabolic analysis during vernalization in radish. Through transcriptome analysis, we found many GSLs metabolic genes were significantly down-regulated by vernalization in radish plants. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis also revealed that GSLs compounds were substantially reduced in vernalized radish samples compared to non-vernalized radish samples. Furthermore, we found that repressive histone modification (i.e. H3K27me3) is involved in the modulation of GSLs metabolism via epigenetic suppression of Glucoraphasatin Synthase 1 (GRS1) during vernalization in radish. This study revealed that GSLs metabolism is modulated by vernalization, suggestive of a newly identified target of vernalization in radish.

Adventitious rooting in response to long-term cold: a possible mechanism of clonal growth in alpine perennials

“…Similarly, CYP79F1 , another gene involved in glucosinolate metabolism, was also downregulated in 21-week cold-treated main stem ( Falasca et al., 2010 ). Moreover, the inhibitory role of long-term cold exposure on indole glucosinolates content was revealed in vernalized radish plants ( Nugroho et al., 2021 ). Our study suggests that the inhibition by long-term cold of specific glucosinolate-derived compounds in the rooting environment may influence hormone signaling pathways, especially auxin, potentially affecting the growth of adventitious roots ( Figure 8 ).…”

Multi-Omics Analysis of Low-Temperature Fruiting Highlights the Promising Cultivation Application of the Nutrients Accumulation in Hypsizygus marmoreus

“…Vernalization accelerates plant development from the vegetative to the reproductive stage, leading to considerable changes in the metabolite profiles of plants [ 31 ]. This study also confirmed that the vernalization-like low-temperature treatment process in mushrooms has similar metabolic changes.…”

Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses revealed that polycomb repressive complex 2 regulates not only developmental but also stress responsive metabolism in Brassica rapa

“…Glucosinolates were analyzed from 2-week-old R-o-18 and brclf mutant in accordance with a previously described protocol ( Nugroho et al., 2021 ). They were extracted from whole fresh tissue samples with 70% aqueous methanol (methanol:water 70:30, v:v) at 70°C for 10 min.…”