Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of pre-diapause and non-diapause eggs of migratory locust, Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)

Abstract

Low temperature induces diapause in locusts. However, the physiological processes and initiation mechanism of diapause are not well understood. To understand the molecular basis of diapause, ‘omics’ analyses were performed to examine the differences between diapause and non-diapause eggs at both transcriptional and translational levels. Results indicated that a total of 62,241 mRNAs and 212 proteins were differentially expressed. Among them, 116 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles. Up-regulated genes related to diapause included glutathiones-S-transferase et al., and down-regulated genes including juvenile hormone esterase-like protein et al. KEGG analysis mapped 7,243 and 99 differentially expressed genes and proteins, to 83 and 25 pathways, respectively. Correlation enriched pathways indicated that there were nine identical pathways related to diapause. Gene Ontology analysis placed these genes and proteins into three categories, and a higher proportion of genes related to metabolism was up-regulated than down-regulated. Furthermore, three up-regulated pathways were linked to cryoprotection. This study demonstrates the applicability of high-throughput omics tools to identify molecules linked to diapause in the locust. In addition, it reveals cellular metabolism in diapause eggs is more active than in non-diapause eggs, and up-regulated enzymes may play roles in cryoprotection and storing energy for diapause and post-diapause stages.

Absence of juvenile hormone signalling regulates the dynamic expression profiles of nutritional metabolism genes during diapause preparation in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi

“…In the non‐oxidative phase of the PPP, TKT2 links the PPP and the glycolysis pathway, which suggests that the increase of TKT2 in DD females may induce lipid storage. In the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria , several transketolases were upregulated in prediapause eggs (Tu et al ., ). Hence TKT upregulation may be a common feature of the DPP in different insects and diapause types.…”

“…We found that ALDH1 expression was higher in DD females compared to NDD females (Figs E and S3E), which suggests that ALDH1 is also involved in the fat hypertrophy of DD insects. In studies of other types of insect diapause, such as embryonic diapause in L. migratoria (Tu et al ., ), larval diapause in Nasonia vitripennis (Wolschin & Gadau, ) and pupal diapause in H. armigera (Lu & Xu, ), ALDH mRNA or protein was generally upregulated in DD individuals during the prediapause and early diapause stages. Expression of this gene also increased in DD embryos of the shrimp A. franciscana (Qiu et al ., ), suggesting that its role in regulating animal diapause is highly conserved.…”

“…In the non-oxidative phase of the PPP, TKT2 links the PPP and the glycolysis pathway, which suggests that the increase of TKT2 in DD females may induce lipid storage. In the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, several transketolases were upregulated in prediapause eggs (Tu et al, 2015). Hence TKT upregulation may be , transketolase 2 (TKT2; C), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH; D); lipid metabolic pathway genes aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1; E), triacylglycerol lipase 1 (TGL1; F), elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4; G); protein metabolic pathway genes large subunit ribosomal protein (LP0; H) and small subunit ribosomal protein (S2e; I) in nondiapause-destined (NDD) and diapause destined (DD) female adult Colaphellus bowringi were determined by qRT-PCR on days 0, 2 and 4 after eclosion.…”

“…Although mechanisms that regulate diapause have been identified in several insect species (Bajgar et al, 2013;Denlinger & Armbruster, 2014), the specific molecular events that take place during the different phases of diapause remain unclear. Recent advances in highthroughput gene expression profiling based on RNA sequencing and proteomics that allow this technique to be used to investigate diapause in insects, particularly nonmodel species (Zhang et al, 2012;Poelchau et al, 2013a;Tu et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2015), could help resolve this question.…”

Serpin7 controls egg diapause of migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) by regulating polyphenol oxidase

“…However, no extensive and comprehensive studies have been made on the effects of serpin in relation with insect diapause. Keeping in view the importance of serpins in other plants and animals, this novel study was designed to carry out the transcriptome analysis of diapause and nondiapause eggs of migratory locust, L. migratoria , especially for the serpin genes [21,22]. We further performed label‐free proteomic sequencing on diapause and nondiapause eggs of migratory locust to understand the expression of serpin‐related genes [21,22].…”