Transdermal immunisation with an integral membrane component, gap junction protein, by means of ultradeformable drug carriers, transfersomes

Paul, Amla; Cevc, Gregor; Bachhawat, B. K.

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00185-0

Cited by 141 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These elastic vesicles are of two types viz. transfersomes are composed of an edge activator and lipid, which are popularly known as transfersomes, and ethosomes are composed of lipid and ethanol (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). These help in minimizing the washout of the drug through the blood, which is a common problem observed when drugs are given through the topical route using penetration enhancers, ionotophoresis, or electrophoresis mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Development of Transethosomal Gel System of Piroxicam: Formulation Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, and Ex Vivo Assessment

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Piroxicam is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other inflammatory diseases. Upon oral administration, it is reported to cause ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal irritation, edema and peptic ulcer. Hence, an alternative delivery system has been designed in the form of transethosome. The present study describes the preparation, optimization, characterization, and ex vivo study of piroxicam-loaded transethosomal gel using the central composite design. On the basis of the prescreening study, the concentration of lipids and ethanol was kept in the range of 2-4% w/v and 0-40% v/v, respectively. Formulation was optimized by measuring drug retention in the skin, drug permeation, entrapment efficiency, and vesicle size. Optimized formulation was incorporated in hydrogel and compared with other analogous vesicular (liposomes, ethosomes, and transfersomes) gels for the aforementioned responses. Among the various lipids used, soya phosphatidylcholine (SPL 70) and ethanol in various percentages were found to affect drug retention in the skin, drug permeation, vesicle size, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized batch of transethosome has shown 392.730 μg cm −2 drug retention in the skin, 44.312 μg cm −2 h −1 drug permeation, 68.434% entrapment efficiency, and 655.369 nm vesicle size, respectively. It was observed that the developed transethosomes were found superior in all the responses as compared to other vesicular formulations with improved stability and highest elasticity. Similar observations were noted with its gel formulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Development of Transethosomal Gel System of Piroxicam: Formulation Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, and Ex Vivo Assessment

et al. 2016

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“…It is reported by several authors that the high elasticity of vesicles could result in enhanced drug transport across the skin as compared to vesicles with rigid membranes (Planas et al, 1992;Sentjurc and Gabrijelcic, 1995;Cevc et al, 1998;Paul et al, 1998;van den Bergh et al, 1999;Guo et al, 2000a,b). It seems that liposomes with a heterogeneous lipid composition, or in other words, with several coexisting domains exhibiting different fluidity characteristics in the bilayer (Vrhovnik et al, 1998) can be used to enhance the penetration of entrapped drugs into the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size of liposomes influences dermal delivery of substances into skin

Verma

Blume

et al. 2003

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

568

257

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“…In the process, transfersomes go through a series of stress-dependent adjustments of the local carrier symphony to minimize the struggle of motion through the otherwise confining channels. This process allows transfersomes to convey the drugs associated into and diagonally across the skin easily and very reproducibly. This happens at a rate largely higher than that achieved by more predictable formulations and offers an excellent means for controlling drug distribution in the skin [19,20]. Transfersomes have been used as carriers for different therapeutic agents, including proteins, insulin [21,22], DNA [23], gap junction protein [24], peptides [25], albumin [15], nutraceuticals [26], corticosteroids [27], antigens [28], analgesics [29], sex hormones [30], and anesthetics [31], and have been proven to augment significantly the amount of drug permeated through the skin [10]. The topical application of transfersome-entrapped anticancer drug is described by a few research groups.…”

Section: Merits/demeritsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfersomes as versatile and flexible nano-vesicular carriers in skin cancer therapy: the state of the art

Rai¹,

Pandey²,

Rai³

2017

Nano Reviews & Experiments

208

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Introduction: The skin acts as a barrier and prevents transcutaneous delivery of therapeutic agents. Transfersomes are novel vesicular systems that are several times more elastic than other vesicular systems. These are composed of edge activator, phospholipids, ethanol, and sodium cholate and are applied in a non-occlusive manner. Areas covered: This article covers information such as merits/demerits of transfersomes, regulatory aspects of materials used in preparation, different methods of preparation, mechanism of action, review of clinical investigations performed, marketed preparations available, research reports, and patent reports related to transfersomes. Expert opinion: Research over the past few years has provided a better understanding of transfersomal permeation of therapeutic agents across stratum corneum barrier. Transfersomes provides an essential feature of their application to variety of compositions in order to optimize the permeability of a range of therapeutic molecules. This is evidenced by the fact that there are several Transfersome products being processed in advanced clinical trials. It is noteworthy that a number of Transfersome products for dermal and transdermal delivery will gain a global market success in near future.

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Transdermal immunisation with an integral membrane component, gap junction protein, by means of ultradeformable drug carriers, transfersomes

Cited by 141 publications

References 22 publications

Systematic Development of Transethosomal Gel System of Piroxicam: Formulation Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, and Ex Vivo Assessment

Systematic Development of Transethosomal Gel System of Piroxicam: Formulation Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, and Ex Vivo Assessment

Particle size of liposomes influences dermal delivery of substances into skin

Transfersomes as versatile and flexible nano-vesicular carriers in skin cancer therapy: the state of the art

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