Transesterification of crude palm kernel oil and crude coconut oil by different solid catalysts

Jitputti, Jaturong; Kitiyanan, Boonyarach; Rangsunvigit, Pramoch; Bunyakiat, Kunchana; Attanatho, Lalita; Jenvanitpanjakul, Peesamai

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2005.09.025

Cited by 480 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furuta et al (2004) compared the activity of sulfated tin oxide and zirconium oxide and tungstated zirconia under the same reaction conditions and found that WZO showed the highest activity for conversion of soybean oil whereas 70 % and 80 % conversions were reached over SZO and STO respectively. Jitputti et al (2006) Kiss et al (2006) studied various solid catalysts and also founded that sulfated zirconia is the most promising catalyst.…”

Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

158

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical value. However, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification generally requires more severe operating conditions, and the performance of heterogeneous catalysts is generally lower than that of the commonly used homogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production has been extensively investigated in the last few years. Many metal oxides have been studied for the transesterification process of oils; these include alkali earth metal oxides, transition metal oxides, mixed metal oxides and supported metal oxides. The use of solid metal oxides as catalysts in oil transesterification is well established, accordingly, researchers' attempts are now focused on how to attain the highest catalyst activity. Catalyst activity is a function of its specific surface area, base strength and base site concentration. High specific surface area, strong base strength and high concentration of base sites are characteristics of an active transesterification catalyst. This review provides a brief overview of the different metal oxides frequently used in the process of transesterification of oils for the production of biodiesel with special reference to the various methods of catalyst preparation and catalyst characterization. Reaction conditions and catalyst leaching analysis are also highlighted. Finally, concluding remarks regarding catalyst selection and catalyst preparation steps are provided.

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Section: Catalyst Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Refaat

2010

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

263

158

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“…85 Acreditamos haver aqui mais uma necessidade e, portanto, oportunidade de pesquisa, já que muitos desses catalisadores que perdem atividade ou massa devido à solubilidade (lixiviação) no meio reacional e que por isso precisam ser recuperados por "reativação" 45,109 podem estar atuando através de mecanismos reacionais homogêneos ao invés de heterogêneos, ou através dos dois mecanismos simultaneamente. isso pode ocorrer com catalisadores recentemente descritos como zircônia sulfatada 109,112,[124][125][126][127][128] ou ainda com o Ba(oH) 2 que é um dos catalisadores "heterogêneos" de maior atividade entre aqueles descritos até o presente, 137 apesar do seu uso não ser recomendável devido à toxicidade desse composto de bário. mesmo que muitos processos com catalisadores homogêneos, heterogêneos, enzimáticos, hidrotalcitas básicas, guanidinas e óxidos metálicos, mostrem potencial, até o presente nenhum deles mostrou superioridade suficiente para substituir a aplicação prática dos alcoolatos isentos de água e comercializados prontos para o uso.…”

Section: Catálise Heterogênea áCida E Alcalinaunclassified

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Dabdoub¹,

Bronzel²,

Rampin³

2009

Quím. Nova

104

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Recebido em 27/2/09; aceito em 31/3/09; publicado na web em 7/4/09 BioDiESEL: A CRiTiCAL oVERViEW oN THE CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTiVES AT THE ACADEmY AND iNDUSTRY. This article presents a bibliographic review of research carried out on different alternative processes for biodiesel production. The supercritical and subcritical (non catalytic) reaction conditions, the use of solid basic, solid acid and other heterogeneous catalysts, including the use of immobilized enzymes and whole-cell catalysts are also critically compared with the traditional homogeneous alkaline or acid catalysts that are common on industrial applications. Advantages and limitations of all these processes for the transference from the laboratory to the industry are discussed. A correlation of the chemical composition with the quality parameters of the produced biodiesel is done with aim to stablish adequate procedures for the right selection of the rawmaterial. Castor bean oil is used as an example of inappropriate oil in order to produce a B100 that fulfill all the international physicochemical quality standards. in this article are presented research results to adequate the values of viscosity, density and iodine number of the castor and soybean biodiesel to the international standard limits by means blending these both biodiesels at the right ratio.Keywords: transesterification; biodiesel; catalysts. introduÇãoAumento da demanda mundial por combustíveis líquidos, aquecimento global, segurança energética, vontade política por desenvolvimento nos campos agrícola, social e também energético são pontos que abrem novas áreas de interesse e oportunidades para pesquisas e desenvolvimento na Academia e na indústria, pois são as forças motoras responsáveis pelo renovado interesse na produção de biocombustíveis.Um dos grandes destaques da atualidade na área de biocombustí-veis é o interesse pelo uso de recursos naturais baseados em materiais lignocelulósicos 1-3 para a produção de etanol ou por fontes produtoras de lipídeos usados para a produção de biodiesel.Biodiesel é o nome dado a ésteres alquílicos de ácidos graxos desde que atendam certos parâmetros de qualidade. 4-8 Além de esses ésteres serem derivados de fontes biológicas como plantas e animais, atuam como combustível substituto ao diesel de petróleo, com desempenho muito próximo, não exigindo modificações nos motores. Tradicionalmente o biodiesel é produzido através das reações de transesterificação de triglicerídeos, usando geralmente catalisadores alcalinos, 9 ou da esterificação de ácidos graxos livres, sendo que neste último caso, os ácidos graxos livres (AGLs) são submetidos à reação direta com um álcool de 4 carbonos ou menos, na presença de catalisadores ácidos. 10-12 mais recentemente o uso de diversos catalisadores heterogêneos tem sido descrito na literatura. 13 Transesterificação é o processo de transformação de um éster carboxílico em outro, através da troca do grupo Ro -presente no éster original, por outro grupo semelhante proveniente de um álcool na presença de um catalisa...

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“…Various heterogeneous metal oxides catalysts (Jitputti et al, 2006;Zabeti et al, 2009;Furuta et al, 2012) have been employed in the transesterification process. Many studies showed that CaO is a potential catalyst in transesterification process due it advantages such as: high basic strength, low solubility in methanol, non-toxic, and mild operating conditions (Zabeti et al, 2009;Kouzu et al, 2008; b Asri et al, 2013).…”

Section: Triglyceridementioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Treatment of Waste Frying Oils for Biodiesel Production

Asri¹,

Sari²

2015

MAS

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Synthesis of biodiesel is a strategic step in overcoming energy scarcity and the environmental degradation caused by the continuous use of the petroleum based energy. Biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine is produced from renewable resources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. The main obstacle in the biodiesel production is the high price of the raw materials, resulting in the price of biodiesel is not competitive compared to the petroleum diesel. Therefore, the use of waste frying oils (WFO) is one way to reduce the cost of biodiesel production, because of its availability and low price. In the present work, WFO from California Fried chicken (CFC) restaurants in Surabaya were used as feed stock for the biodiesel production. The experiments were conducted using three steps of processes: pre-treatment of WFO, preparation of alumina based composite catalyst CaO/KI/γ-Al 2 O 3 and transesterification of treated WFO. WFO was treated by several types and various amounts of activated adsobents. The treated WFO was transesterified in three neck glass batch reactor with refluxed methanol using CaO/KI/γ-Al 2 O 3 . The results reveal that the best method for treating WFO is using 7.5% (wt. % to WFO) of coconut coir. Alumina based composite catalyst CaO/KI/γ-Al 2 O 3 was very promising for transesterification of WFO into biodiesel. The yield of biodiesel was 83% and obtained at 65ºC, 5 h of reaction time, 1:18 of molar ratio WFO to methanol and 6% amount of catalyst.

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Transesterification of crude palm kernel oil and crude coconut oil by different solid catalysts

Cited by 480 publications

References 10 publications

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel production using solid metal oxide catalysts

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Pre-Treatment of Waste Frying Oils for Biodiesel Production

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