Transesterification of triolein and methanol with Novozym 435 using co-solvents

Liquid lipase preparations designed for industrial production of biodiesel. Is it really an optimal solution?

“…Another point is the possible generation of mass transfer limitations mainly usings solvent-free systems [314,315]. Again, the use of ultrasounds and very hydrophobic supports may facilitate the use of the immobilized enzymes, although a common way to decerase them is the use of low concentrations of some organic cosolvent [316][317][318][319][320][321].…”

Enzyme‐Catalyzed Synthesis, Odor Characteristics and Thermal Analysis of New Pyridine Esters

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435 (N435) is the most commonly used for enzyme-catalyzed transesterification due to the ability to recognize a wide variety of substrates and catalyze most reactions. [17] In addition, the odor characteristics and potentiality of the compounds as flavors or fragrances could be assessed by chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Moreover, thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) could be used to investigate the thermal stability of the pyridine esters possessed flavor characteristics during high temperature.…”

“…The enzymes such as lipases and esterases have been reported to catalyze esterification, interesterification, thioesterification and transesterification reactions, which kinetically proceed via the ping‐pong bi−bi mechanism, ternary complex ordered bi−bi mechanism, or ternary complex random bi−bi mechanism [9–16] . The commercial immobilized lipase Novozym 435 (N435) is the most commonly used for enzyme‐catalyzed transesterification due to the ability to recognize a wide variety of substrates and catalyze most reactions [17] . In addition, the odor characteristics and potentiality of the compounds as flavors or fragrances could be assessed by chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐olfactometry (GC‐MS‐O).…”

The efficient and green synthesis of biodiesel from crude oil without degumming catalyzed by sodium carbonate supported MoS2

“…1,2 Traditionally, biodiesel is a kind of fatty acid methyl/ethyl ester (FAME or FAEE) prepared by the transesterication of oil and methanol/ethanol catalyzed by homogeneous strong bases (NaOH, KOH, or methoxides), 3,4 acids (H 2 SO 4 ) 5 and biocatalysts (lipases). 6 Generally, these oils do not suffer the rening process for their low-cost production and, thus, contain some impurities. Gums, as one of the main impurities, have certain negative effects on the transesterication.…”