Transfer of Heat Below 0.2°K—A Comparison of Bonding Agents

Connolly, John Irving; Roach, W. R.; Sarwinski, R. J.

doi:10.1063/1.1719904

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A discussion o f the m ethod use d and the type of results which can be expected is to be found in a pa p e r by Anderson, Salinger, and Wheatley [25]. This work has recently been repeated in another connection and it was found that the e arlier work was well reproduced [26]. A large number o f experiments have been designed and p erformed based upon the general techniques described there and each has worked satisfactorily.…”

Section: P R I N C I P L E S and M E T H O D S O F R E F R I G E mentioning

confidence: 93%

Thermal and magnetic properties of liquid He3 at low pressure and at very low temperatures

Abel

Anderson

Black

et al. 1965

Physics

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A b r ie f review o f the experimental and th eoretical properties o f low pressure liquid He3 as related to the present work is given. This is followed by a d iscussion o f the magnetic cooling method as applied to cooling He3 using both nuclear and electron ic paramagnetics. A number o f possib le metals fo r nuclear cooling are suggested, while cerium magnesium nitrate (dflN) is taken to be the best electronic paramagnetic known fo r the present purposes. The spin-bath thermal resistance is discussed in both cases. In the case o f CMV recent work on the spin-bath r e s i s tance, due to a phonon bottleneck, shows it to be remarkably low. This is borne out in the present experiments. I t is concluded that for temperatures in the m illidegree range CMN is the best p o s s ib il it y. A careful discussion is given o f the techniques developed fo r obtaining and maintaining temperature below 0.010°K fo r many hours in an apparatus o f moderate s iz e using superconducting magnets. D etails are given o f the method o f using epoxy resins for producing apparatus fo r using He3 with application to the measurement o f heat capacity and magnetic prop erties. The method o f executing the experiments is presented together with a thermodynamic analysis o f the effectiv en ess o f the fin a l cooling process. New measurements o f the heat capacity o f a mixture o f low pressure He3 and CM are presented down to a magnetic temperature o f 0.00b°K. No anomalous results are obtained. The experimental technique is analyzed and c r itic iz e d. The resu lts are compared with ea rlier data. The limiting value o f C/nRT s t i l l cannot be p r e c is e ly assessed but seems to be in the range 3 .0 to 3.2°K~. Detailed comparison is made o f the present work with that o f Peshkov, whose resu lts are in terpreted in terms o f an experimental e f f e c t. The thermal boundary resistance from epoxy walls to He3 compares favorably with previous work. Measurements by the spin-echo method o f the s e lf-d iffu s io n c o effic ien t D, and the s u s c e p tib ility. X, o f the He> are presented do™ to a t e v e n W e o f O. m SN o anomalous behavior is observed. D obeys the law D * Work supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract AT(11-1)-1198.

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Section: P R I N C I P L E S and M E T H O D S O F R E F R I G E mentioning

confidence: 93%

Thermal and magnetic properties of liquid He3 at low pressure and at very low temperatures

Abel

Anderson

Black

et al. 1965

Physics

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“…We can relate P l to the gas flow rate (Q) at STP, the IPC length (1), the temperature (T), and the channel diameter (d), in terms of Poiseuille's law (corrected for the "intermediate" case between the viscous and the molecular flows), which can be written (3) where po, To are the standard pressure and temperature, 1' / is the dynamic viscosity, and 'Y the correction factor to Poiseuille's law, given by…”

Section: A Ipc Length Reduction Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Fed Multichannel Hollow Cathode Arcs

Delcroix

Minoo

Trindade

1969

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A new type of gas fed hollow cathode (multichannel cathode) has been studied. Such cathodes operate with a lower voltage drop and higher maximum current density than conventional one-channel cathodes and have a longer lifetime as wei!. Moreover, multichannel cathodes allow operation within a wide range of discharge currents and with extremely low gas flow rates. A theoretical analysis clarifies the principles of the operation of this type of cathode. The experimental results are explained and some general rules are presented for the cathode design.

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