Transforaminal Epidural Injection for Far Lateral Lumbar Disc Herniations: An Alternative to Surgery or Just a Delay?

Abstract

Objective: Far lateral lumbar disc herniations (FLLDH) are known for causing severe and persistent radicular pain due to direct nerve root and dorsal root ganglion compression. This study evaluates the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFSI) in patients with FLLDH, assessing its role as a potential alternative to surgery. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 42 patients with radicular pain caused by FLDH, confirmed via lumbar magnetic resonance imaging, who had not benefited from conservative treatment. All patients underwent TFSI, and their pre-treatment Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were compared with scores at one, two, and three months post-procedure. Results: The study group comprised 19 males (45.23%) and 23 females (54.77%), with a mean age of 51.9 ± 11.63 years (range 29-76 years). The most common herniation levels were L4-L5 (22 patients), followed by L5-S1 (15 patients) and L3-L4 (five patients). The mean VAS score decreased significantly from 8.58 ± 0.63 to 2.89 ± 1.87 over three months (p = 0.001). Similarly, the mean ODI score significantly reduced from 61.29 ± 6.72 to 16.88 ± 11.25 (p = 0.001). However, eight of the 42 patients (19.04%) underwent surgery within three months due to lack of benefit from TFSI. Conclusion: Our study sheds light on the significant potential of TFSI as a treatment option for FLLDH. The marked improvement in pain and functional capacity, as evidenced by the substantial decrease in VAS and ODI scores, suggests that TFSI can be an effective non-surgical intervention for a majority of patients suffering from FLLDH. However, a notable proportion of patients may still require surgery, indicating that TFSI might not be a definitive alternative but can be an effective interim treatment in managing FLLDH.