Transformation of a Paramecium caudatum clone resistant to infection by intranuclear symbiotic bacteria of the genus Holospora

Rautian, Maria; Vishnyakov, Andrei; Makarov, S. B.; Ossipov, D.V.

doi:10.1016/s0932-4739(96)80090-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Holospora have been found at low infection prevalences in temperate or elevated locations around the globe (Fokin et al, 1993(Fokin et al, , 2006(Fokin et al, , 2004Hori and Fujishima, 2003;Serra et al, 2016), but can occasionally cause local epidemics (Fokin and Görtz, 2009), which might give a strong selective advantage to resistant variants over susceptible ones. Previous cross-inoculation studies demonstrated the existence of such natural variation, showing that different strains of Paramecium caudatum (and several other species) have different qualitative infection phenotypes, with some strains appearing universally susceptible to infection with Holospora, while others are more difficult to infect or even entirely resistant (Fujishima and Fujita, 1985;Rautian et al, 1993Rautian et al, , 1996Skoblo et al, 1996;Fokin et al, 2003b;Potekhin et al, 2018). Previous studies have also compared resistance across independent mating groups or "syngens."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holospora have been found at low infection prevalences in temperate or elevated locations around the globe ( Fokin et al, 1993 , 2006 , 2004 ; Hori and Fujishima, 2003 ; Serra et al, 2016 ), but can occasionally cause local epidemics ( Fokin and Görtz, 2009 ), which might give a strong selective advantage to resistant variants over susceptible ones. Previous cross-inoculation studies demonstrated the existence of such natural variation, showing that different strains of Paramecium caudatum (and several other species) have different qualitative infection phenotypes, with some strains appearing universally susceptible to infection with Holospora , while others are more difficult to infect or even entirely resistant ( Fujishima and Fujita, 1985 ; Rautian et al, 1993 , 1996 ; Skoblo et al, 1996 ; Fokin et al, 2003b ; Potekhin et al, 2018 ). Previous studies have also compared resistance across independent mating groups or “syngens.” Syngens have long been known for P. caudatum ( Gilman, 1941 ), and although reproductive isolation may not always be complete ( Tsukii and Hiwatashi, 1983 ; Johri et al, 2017 ), genetic analyses identified various clades in P. caudatum that can be considered as independent evolutionary units (IEUs) ( Barth et al, 2006 ; Hori et al, 2006 ; Johri et al, 2017 ; De Souza et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Among-Strain Variation in Resistance of Paramecium caudatum to the Endonuclear Parasite Holospora undulata: Geographic and Lineage-Specific Patterns

et al. 2020

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Resistance is a key determinant in interactions between hosts and their parasites. Understanding the amount and distribution of variation in this trait between strains can provide insights into (co)evolutionary processes and their potential to shape patterns of diversity in natural populations. Using controlled inoculation in experimental mass cultures, we investigated the quantitative variation in resistance to the bacterial parasite Holospora undulata across a worldwide collection of strains of its ciliate host Paramecium caudatum. We combined the observed variation with available information on the phylogeny and biogeography of the strains. We found substantial variation in resistance among strains, with upper-bound values of broad-sense heritability >0.5 (intraclass correlation coefficients). Strain estimates of resistance were repeatable between laboratories and ranged from total resistance to near-complete susceptibility. Early (1 week post inoculation) measurements provided higher estimates of resistance heritability than did later measurements (2–3 weeks), possibly due to diverging epidemiological dynamics in replicate cultures of the same strains. Genetic distance (based on a neutral marker) was positively correlated with the difference in resistance phenotype between strains (r = 0.45), essentially reflecting differences between highly divergent clades (haplogroups) within the host species. Haplogroup A strains, mostly European, were less resistant to the parasite (49% infection prevalence) than non-European haplogroup B strains (28%). At a smaller geographical scale (within Europe), strains that are geographically closer to the parasite origin (Southern Germany) were more susceptible to infection than those from further away. These patterns are consistent with a picture of local parasite adaptation. Our study demonstrates ample natural variation in resistance on which selection can act and hints at symbiont adaptation producing signatures in geographic and lineage-specific patterns of resistance in this model system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Among-Strain Variation in Resistance of Paramecium caudatum to the Endonuclear Parasite Holospora undulata: Geographic and Lineage-Specific Patterns

et al. 2020

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“…Holospora have been found at low infection prevalences in temperate or elevated locations around the globe (FOKIN 1993;HORI AND FUJISHIMA 2003;FOKIN et al 2004;SERRA et al 2016), but can occasionally cause local epidemics , which might give a strong selective advantage to resistant variants over susceptible ones. Previous cross-inoculation studies demonstrated the existence of such natural variation, showing that different strains of Paramecium caudatum (and several other species) have different qualitative infection phenotypes, with some strains appearing universally susceptible to infection with Holospora, while others are more difficult to infect or even entirely resistant (FUJISHIMA AND FUJITA 1985;RAUTIAN 1993;RAUTIAN 1996;SKOBLO 1996;POTEKHIN et al 2018). Previous studies have also compared resistance across independent mating groups or 'syngens'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritable variation in resistance to the endonuclear parasiteHolospora undulataacross clades ofParamecium caudatum

Weiler

Zilio

Zeballos

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Resistance is a key determinant in interactions between hosts and their parasites. Understanding the amount and distribution of genetic variation in this trait can provide insights into (co)evolutionary processes and their potential to shape patterns of diversity in natural populations. Using controlled inoculation in experimental mass cultures, we investigated the quantitative genetic variation in resistance to the bacterial parasite Holospora undulata across a worldwide collection of strains of its ciliate host Paramecium caudatum. We combined the observed variation with available information on the phylogeny and biogeography of the strains. We found substantial variation in resistance among strains (with broad-sense heritability > 0.5), repeatable between laboratories and ranging from total resistance to near-complete susceptibility. Early (one week post inoculation) measurements provided higher estimates of resistance heritability than did later measurements (2-3 weeks), possibly due to diverging epidemiological dynamics in replicate cultures of the same strains. Genetic distance (based on a neutral marker) was positively correlated with the difference in resistance phenotype between strains (r = 0.45), essentially reflecting differences between highly divergent clades (haplogroups) within the host species. Haplogroup A strains, mostly European, were less resistant to the parasite (49% infection prevalence) than non-European haplogroup B strains (28%). At a smaller geographical scale (within Europe), strains that are geographically closer to the parasite origin (Southern Germany) were more susceptible to infection than those from further away. These patterns are consistent with a picture of local parasite adaptation. Our study demonstrates ample natural genetic variation in resistance on which selection can act and hints at symbiont adaptation producing signatures in geographic and lineage-specific patterns of resistance in this model system.

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Epidemiology of Nucleus-Dwelling Holospora: Infection, Transmission, Adaptation, and Interaction with Paramecium

Schrallhammer

Потехин

2020

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation

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Transformation of a Paramecium caudatum clone resistant to infection by intranuclear symbiotic bacteria of the genus Holospora

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Among-Strain Variation in Resistance of Paramecium caudatum to the Endonuclear Parasite Holospora undulata: Geographic and Lineage-Specific Patterns

Among-Strain Variation in Resistance of Paramecium caudatum to the Endonuclear Parasite Holospora undulata: Geographic and Lineage-Specific Patterns

Heritable variation in resistance to the endonuclear parasiteHolospora undulataacross clades ofParamecium caudatum

Epidemiology of Nucleus-Dwelling Holospora: Infection, Transmission, Adaptation, and Interaction with Paramecium

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