Transformation pathways and toxicity assessments of two triazole pesticides elimination by gamma irradiation in aqueous solution

Dissipation of Penconazole Formulation in Horticultural Crops by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry from the Active Substance to Metabolites

“…Penconazole metabolites have been described in bibliography by EFSA (Brancato et al, 2017a(Brancato et al, , 2017bEuropean Food Safety Authority, 2014;State & Gmbh, 2008) and by Saadaoui et al (Saadaoui et al, 2021). A total of 15 metabolites may be considered as suspected metabolites of penconazole.…”

“…), pesticide properties, application method, time of harvest, dosage, plant species, time between applications, and food storage and preparation (Chau et al, 2020;Hassan, Ahmed, & Arief, 2013;Heshmati et al, 2019Heshmati et al, , 2020A. Rahimi, Heshmati, & Nili-Ahmadabadi, 2022;Romeh, Mekky, Ramadan, & Hendawi, 2009;Saadaoui, Boujelbane, Serairi, Ncir, & Mzoughi, 2021).…”

“…In addition to these known metabolites of penconazole, one investigation reported new metabolites detected in aqueous solutions of penconazole that had been treated with gamma irradiation (Saadaoui et al, 2021). In that laboratory trial, the irradiated solutions of penconazole were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), detecting ten metabolites, and three of which were the three isomers detected by EFSA.…”

“…On the one hand, EFSA has identified eight: CGA 127841 (Brancato et al, 2017a(Brancato et al, , 2017bEuropean Food Safety Authority, 2014;State & Gmbh, 2008). On the other hand, Saadaoui et al (Saadaoui et al, 2021) Due to the limited research and lack of knowledge regarding the dissipation process of penconazole in horticultural products using HRMS and the potential for detecting relevant metabolites during its dissipation, a study was needed to understand the behaviour of this fungicide to ensure the safety of horticultural products acquired by consumers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the behaviour of penconazole in courgette and tomato, and its dissipation into TDMs and other metabolites over a period of >40 days.…”

Decomposition mechanism of hydroxychloroquine in aqueous solution by gamma irradiation

“…To evaluate the total degradation of the treated solutions, 1 H NMR technique was used (Boujelbane et al 2021;Liu et al 2014;Saadaoui et al 2021). Figure 10 presents the NMR spectrum of HCQ after treatment at 3 kGy.…”