Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. The balance between inflammatory mediators and their counter-regulatory molecules may be fundamental for determining the outcome of immune pathology of periodontal disease. Cytokines play crucial roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, a process which requires a delicate balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In particular, two families of growth factors-such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are thought to play important roles in modulating the proliferation and/or migration of structural cells involved in inflammation and regulation of immune responses. The aim of this work was to analyze gingival samples and periodontal tissue specimens collected from thirty-eight patients with chronic periodontal disease and from forty healthy individuals, in order to detect the expression and distribution of TGF-β1 and VEGF between the two groups. TGF-β1 and VEGF expression levels were detected using immunohistochemical analysis and computer-assisted morphometric analysis. The findings presented here suggest that biomarker such as TGF-β1 and VEGF have an important regulating role in the orchestration of the immune response, which in turn influence the outcome of disease establishment and evolution.

Differential expression of transglutaminase genes in patients with chronic periodontitis

“…Moreover, oral mucosal epithelial cells (i.e., oral keratinocytes) actively participate in immune response and inflammation through the secretion of a variety of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and neuropeptides, which are all involved in periodontal pathogenesis (Hedges et al , ; Sfakianakis et al , ). There are a number of factors promoting leukocyte recruitment, such as bacterial metabolites, cytokines, metalloproteases, growth factors, chemokines, lipid mediators, and other enzymes (Graves and Cochran, ; Matarese et al , , , ).…”

Implantology and Periodontal Disease: The Panacea to Problem Solving?

“…Moreover, the age of disease onset should also be kept in mind. In fact, periodontitis is an inflammatory disease [ 4 , 5 ] typically in the adult different from implant and peri implant diseases and which seems to be a disease in which the onset is still not well defined at this time and the present epidemiological studies are not providing more precise data on it [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Influence of Myeloperoxidase Levels on Periodontal Disease: An Applied Clinical Study

“…The expression of MPO was strongly associated in the gingival tissue and endothelial cells during periodontitis [14]. More specifically, a clinical study found that, in gingival crevicular fluid, MPO increased with the progression of the periodontitis, and also that MPO was involved in the regulation of IL-1b expression in gingival tissues [15,16].…”