Transforming jhum to plantations: Effect on soil microbiological and biochemical properties in the foot hills of North Eastern Himalayas, India

Lungmuana,; Singh, Soibam Khogen; Choudhury, B. U.; Vanthawmliana,; Saha, Saurav; Hnamte, Vanlalremruati

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2019.02.008

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Almost a two fold increase in SR1 and SR2 corroborated the constant decrease in available nutrients (micro and macro) and enzymatic activities from the surface (L 1 ) to the subsoil (L 3 ). Previous studies have also affirmed that the soil nutrients and enzymatic activities decline at varying rates depending on soil depth (Lungmuana et al, 2019). In the studied region, Ansari et al (2022a) found a substantial increase in SR along with a depth of up to 1.0 m in both cultivated (e.g., upland and lowland agriculture, horticulture, and agroforestry) and uncultivated (dense forest) land uses.…”

Section: Vertical Nutrient Distribution Soil Enzymes and Stratificati...supporting

confidence: 52%

“…frontiersin.org the soil, is known to build up SOC accumulation and improve soil biological function (enzymatic activities) (Lungmuana, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Frontiers In Environmental Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org 14 in C input deposition from the land use-mediated addition of plant residues, such as root biomass (Meetei et al, 2020). However, a continuous drop in soil C stocks in deeper soil depths could explain the decrease in soil enzymatic activities and nutrients as soil depth increased (Lungmuana et al, 2019).…”

Section: Vertical Nutrient Distribution Soil Enzymes and Stratificati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil quality restoration and yield stabilization in acidic soils of northeastern Himalayas: Five years impact of green manuring and crop residue management

Ansari

Choudhary

Ravisankar

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Soil quality restoration and crop productivity maximization are the global challenge to feed the galloping population. The task is much more daunting in a risk-prone, fragile, and low productive hilly region due to the depletion of supporting and regulating ecosystem services. A five-year long-term (2012–2017) field experiment was conducted to stabilize the yield and soil quality through legume green manuring and crop residue recycling in intensified cropping systems in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. Four treatments involving three green manures [green gram (Vigna radiata); cowpea (Vigna unguiculata); Sesbania (Sesbania aculeata) along with control (no-green manure)], three cropping systems [groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)—pea (Pisum sativum); maize (Zea mays)—pea, and maize + groundnut–pea] and two levels of residue management practices [residue removal and residue retention] were evaluated in three times replicated split–split plot design. Among the green manure options, Sesbania exerted a significant positive impact on the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, available micro- (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu), and macronutrients (N, P and K) in surface (0–0.15 m) and subsurface (0.15–0.45 m) soils. The improvement in soil enzymatic activities (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, beta-glucosidase, and aryl sulfatase activity) (p < 0.05) in Sesbania-treated soil was +28.1% to +38.9% in surface and +18.3% to +27.3% in subsurface soils over non-green manure. Sesbania-treated soils also exhibited higher soil quality index (SQI) and stratification ratio (SR) of available soil nutrients and enzymes over non-green manured soils. Among the cropping systems, groundnut intercropped with maize followed by peas (MGP) with in situ residue retention increased (p < 0.05) the available soil macro- and micronutrients, SOC stock, soil enzymes, SR, and SQI in comparison to other cropping systems. Sesbania green manuring and residue retention improved the yield sustainability by +19% and +11% in the MGP system over non-green manuring and residue removal, respectively. Therefore, Sesbania green manuring in the MGP cropping system along with residue retention is recommended for stabilizing the soil quality through enhancing supporting and regulating ecosystem services and maintaining long-term productivity in the fragile Eastern Himalayan ecosystem of India.

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Section: Vertical Nutrient Distribution Soil Enzymes and Stratificati...supporting

confidence: 52%

“…frontiersin.org the soil, is known to build up SOC accumulation and improve soil biological function (enzymatic activities) (Lungmuana, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Frontiers In Environmental Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vertical Nutrient Distribution Soil Enzymes and Stratificati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil quality restoration and yield stabilization in acidic soils of northeastern Himalayas: Five years impact of green manuring and crop residue management

Ansari

Choudhary

Ravisankar

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…While, the hydrometer method was used to measure the soil texture (Chopra & Kanwar, 1976), electrical conductance and pH of soils were estimated in soil:water (1:2.5) suspension (Jackson, 1973). Water holding capacity (WHC) of experimental soils was determined by the amount of water retained in 12 h in the Keen–Rackzowski box (Baruah & Borthakur, 1997; Singh et al, 2019). Total carbon (C) concentration was determined by total organic carbon analyzer (ElementarVario Select, Germany) following dry combustion method (Nelson & Sommers, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average soil loss through erosion in the NER is reported as high as 46 Mg ha −1 year −1 in comparison to the national average of 16.4 Mg ha −1 year −1 , and thus, jeopardizing the overall sustainability of Jhum ecosystem (Das, Patel, et al, 2017a; Das, Ramkrushna, et al, 2017b; Lenka et al, 2012b). Transforming the shifting cultivation into settled cultivation for agricultural and livelihood development has been tried over past 2–3 decades (Lungmuana et al, 2019); but Jhum cultivation still persist over a significant land coverage. Hence, “improvement of Jhum” instead of “replacement of Jhum” is the viable option for enhancing the agro‐ecosystem productivity and livelihood of Jhum farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved agronomic practices and high yielding rice varieties maintain soil health and enhance yield and energy use efficiency under shifting cultivation landscapes of easternHimalayas

et al. 2023

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Low productivity, depletion of soil fertility, and inefficient energy use are the major challenges of fragile Jhum (shifting cultivation: 280 M ha worldwide) agro‐ecosystems in north eastern Himalaya. Farmers' participatory field trials were conducted in sloping lands of Meghalaya, India over 3 years to identify suitable agronomic management practices and input responsive rice genotypes for sustaining soil health and enhance carrying capacity of Jhum land. Eleven genotypes of rice (six high yielding varieties [HYVs] and five landraces) were tested under two management practices, namely, improved Jhum (line‐sowing in contour, 50% recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) + farm yard manure 5 Mg ha−1 with two hand weeding operations) and traditional Jhum (broadcasting, no manure/fertilizer/pesticides, and single hand weeding) as reference. Improved Jhum practices significantly increased (p = 0.05) rice yield (103.8%–133.7%), improved soil health, farm profitability, net energy output, and energy intensity. The HYVs of rice, namely, RCM 5, Bhalum‐3, and IURON 514 (1.92–1. 96 Mg ha−1) significantly out yielded local landraces, namely, Mannar, Kbaslu, Kba Khasi, Pnahiong, and Pnahlaispah (1.44–1.65 Mg ha−1). The soils under improved Jhum practices had significantly higher SOC (16.9 g kg−1), available N (278.2 kg ha−1), P2O5% (12.8 kg ha−1), K (217.1 kg ha−1), and more water infiltration rate (74.1 mm h−1) over traditional practice after 3 years of our present study. The rice yield for second and third year of cropping were also significantly higher (p = 0.05) under improved Jhum practices (2.23 and 2.01 Mg ha−1, respectively) as compared to traditional Jhum. The net income enhanced by 53% and 85 to 104.6% owing to adoption of improved Jhum and HYVs over local practice and genotypes, respectively. Hence, growing HYVs of rice, namely, RCM 5, Bhalum‐3, and IURON 514 along with improved agronomic practices are recommended for achieving higher productivity, extending carrying capacity, and sustaining soil health in Jhum ecosystems of north eastern Himalaya.

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Shifting Cultivation to Settled Agriculture for Sustaining Soil Health and Agriculture Productivity in North-East India

Lungmuana,

Sangma,

Angami

et al. 2024

Shifting Cultivation Systems

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Transforming jhum to plantations: Effect on soil microbiological and biochemical properties in the foot hills of North Eastern Himalayas, India

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Soil quality restoration and yield stabilization in acidic soils of northeastern Himalayas: Five years impact of green manuring and crop residue management

Soil quality restoration and yield stabilization in acidic soils of northeastern Himalayas: Five years impact of green manuring and crop residue management

Improved agronomic practices and high yielding rice varieties maintain soil health and enhance yield and energy use efficiency under shifting cultivation landscapes of easternHimalayas

Shifting Cultivation to Settled Agriculture for Sustaining Soil Health and Agriculture Productivity in North-East India

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