Transforming subsidence vulnerability indexing based on ALPRIFT into risk indexing using a new fuzzy-catastrophe scheme

Mapping Risk to Land Subsidence: Developing a Two-Level Modeling Strategy by Combining Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence Techniques

“…MCDM formulates the issue as a decision-making problem and aims to estimate the weights of different criteria in a pre-defined procedure. Various issues are available in the literature that are studied by the MCDM technique, including groundwater vulnerability to pollution by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) [1] and analytic network process (ANP) [2], groundwater potential indexing by multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) [3], and fuzzy catastrophe scheme (FCS) [4], groundwater risk to saltwater intrusion by FCS [5], and LS problem by FCS [6]. Notably, some MCDM techniques rely on expert judgment, such as AHP, while others, such as FCS, mitigate subjectivity in the MCDM problem.…”

“…The ALPRIFT-related studies can be categorized into different groups, which are outlined as follows. The first group reduces the subjectivities with prescribed rates and weights through the MCDM techniques, such as FCS [6] and the AI techniques [15]. Most published studies calculate the LS index by formulating the multiple AI-based modeling referred to as inclusive multiple modeling (IMM).…”

“…The second group treats the vulnerability to LS as a time-variant problem and predicts the LS index in the near future by AI models [11]. The third group transfers vulnerability indexing to risk indexing by dividing the data layers into active and passive data layers [6,10].…”

A Trend Analysis of Development Projects in South Korea during 2007–2016 Using a Multi-Layer Perceptron Based Artificial Neural Network

“…Carvalho et al (2014) conducted a study of the framework used to calculate a composite index for an EIA [14]. Sadeghfam et al (2020) determined the weightings of seven layers and produced a composite index for subsidence vulnerability [15]. Previous studies have shown that environmental indicators may vary depending on the researcher's definition and considerations.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that environmental indicators may vary depending on the researcher's definition and considerations. To produce a composite index, various indicators affecting the environment should be considered, and weightings should be assigned after determining their impact on the environment [12][13][14][15].…”