Transgene and host growth hormone gene expression in pituitary and nonpituitary tissues of normal and growth hormone transgenic salmon

Mori, Tsukasa; Devlin, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00248-2

Cited by 111 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The present study has found that both wild type and domesticated (nontransgenic) salmon express detectable GH mRNA in muscle, consistent with previous observations of extrapituitary expression of GH genes (29,54). Although expression of GH in muscle in wild-type was found to be only Ϸ1/20 that found in the pituitary gland (54), given the large mass of muscle in fish, this expression could contribute a significant proportion of GH production in the body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The transgenic strain is expressing GH in many extrapituitary tissues (from a salmon metallothionein-B promoter/full-length GH gene fusion construct) and shows a high degree of growth stimulation (Fig. 1A) relative to wild type (5,28,29), whereas the domesticated strain also displayed enhanced growth rates (8), but less than that observed in the transgenic strain (Fig. 1 A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Devlin

Sakhrani²,

Tymchuk³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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121

105

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Domestication has been extensively used in agricultural animals to modify phenotypes such as growth rate. More recently, transgenesis of growth factor genes [primarily growth hormone (GH)] has also been explored as a rapid approach to accelerating performance of agricultural species. Growth rates of many fishes respond dramatically to GH gene transgenesis, whereas genetic engineering of domestic mammalian livestock has resulted in relatively modest gains. The most dramatic effects of GH transgenesis in fish have been seen in relatively wild strains that have undergone little or no selection for enhanced growth, whereas genetic modification of livestock necessarily has been performed in highly domesticated strains that already possess very rapid growth. Such fast-growing domesticates may be refractory to further stimulation if the same regulatory pathways are being exploited by both genetic approaches. By directly comparing gene expression in wild-type, domestic, and GH transgenic strains of coho salmon, we have found that domestication and GH transgenesis are modifying similar genetic pathways. Genes in many different physiological pathways show modified expression in domestic and GH transgenic strains relative to wild-type, but effects are strongly correlated. Genes specifically involved in growth regulation (IGF1, GHR, IGF-II, THR) are also concordantly regulated in domestic and transgenic fish, and both strains show elevated levels of circulating IGF1. Muscle expression of GH in nontransgenic strains was found to be elevated in domesticated fish relative to wild type, providing a possible mechanism for growth enhancement. These data have implications for genetic improvement of existing domesticated species and risk assessment and regulation of emerging transgenic strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Devlin

Sakhrani²,

Tymchuk³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

121

105

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“…And for the two genes -FGF5 and GH we have found significant differences in expression between the groups with different levels of live weight. The possibility of growth hormone gene expression in muscle has already been proved for a number of animals (Moria & Devlinb, 1999), and the first time we have confirmed it for the sheep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Genes expression profiles in the loin muscle of Manych Merino sheep with different live weight

Trukhachev¹,

Belyaev²,

Квочко³

et al. 2016

BJVM

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“…Alternatively, differences in rearing conditions may affect gene expression (including the transgene) and development (37)(38)(39), resulting in structural changes that could have long-lasting effects on traits, such as feeding behavior (40). For example, transgenic coho salmon have structural alterations of their pituitary gland (where GH is produced in wild fish) relative to genotypically wild fish (41) in addition to cranial abnormalities (42,43), which might affect brain development with irreversible effect on behavior. Currently, it is not known whether expression of the GH transgene used in these studies is modified by environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene–environment interactions influence ecological consequences of transgenic animals

Sundström

Lõhmus

Tymchuk

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Production of transgenic animals has raised concern regarding their potential ecological impact should they escape or be released to the natural environment. This concern has arisen mainly from research on laboratory-reared animals and theoretical modeling exercises. In this study, we used biocontained naturalized stream environments and conventional hatchery environments to show that differences in phenotype between transgenic and wild genotypes depend on rearing conditions and, critically, that such genotype-by-environment interactions may influence subsequent ecological effects in nature. Genetically wild and growth hormone transgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were reared from the fry stage under either standard hatchery conditions or under naturalized stream conditions. When reared under standard hatchery conditions, the transgenic fish grew almost three times longer than wild conspecifics and had (under simulated natural conditions) stronger predation effects on prey than wild genotypes (even after compensation for size differences). In contrast, when fish were reared under naturalized stream conditions, transgenic fish were only 20% longer than the wild fish, and the magnitude of difference in relative predation effects was much reduced. These data show that genotype-by-environment interactions can influence the relative phenotype of transgenic and wild-type organisms and that extrapolations of ecological consequences from phenotypes developed in the unnatural laboratory environment may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of ecological risk. Thus, for transgenic organisms that may not be released to nature, the establishment of a range of highly naturalized environments will be critical for acquiring reliable experimental data to be used in risk assessments.coho salmon ͉ phenotypic plasticity ͉ risk-assessment

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Transgene and host growth hormone gene expression in pituitary and nonpituitary tissues of normal and growth hormone transgenic salmon

Cited by 111 publications

References 55 publications

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Domestication and growth hormone transgenesis cause similar changes in gene expression in coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch )

Genes expression profiles in the loin muscle of Manych Merino sheep with different live weight

Gene–environment interactions influence ecological consequences of transgenic animals

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