Transgene × Environment Interactions in Genetically Modified Wheat

Zeller, Sabine; Kalinina, Olena; Brunner, Susanne; Keller, Beat; Schmid, Bernhard

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011405

Cited by 82 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…different gene expression levels as a consequence of different location of the 350 insertion site (Cubas et al 1999, Filipecki andMalepszy 2006). Such expression differences were 351 for example observed in a previous study using multiple transformation events with a single Pm3 352 allele (Zeller et al 2010). …”

Section: Differences Among Gm Lines 337mentioning

confidence: 87%

Mixtures of genetically modified wheat lines outperform monocultures

Zeller

Kalinina

Flynn

et al. 2012

Ecological Applications

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Biodiversity research shows that diverse plant communities are more stable and productive than monocultures. Similarly, populations in which genotypes with different pathogen resistance are mixed may have lower pathogen levels and thus higher productivity than genetically uniform populations. We used genetically modified (GM) wheat as a model system to test this prediction, because it allowed us to use genotypes that differed only in the trait pathogen resistance but were otherwise identical. We grew three such genotypes or lines in monocultures or two-line mixtures. Phenotypic measurements were taken at the level of individual plants and of entire plots (population level). We found that resistance to mildew increased with both GM richness (0, 1, or 2 Pm3 transgenes with different resistance specificities per plot) and GM concentration (0%, 50%, or 100% of all plants in a plot with a Pm3 transgene). Plots with two transgenes had 34.6% less mildew infection and as a consequence 7.3% higher seed yield than plots with one transgene. We conclude that combining genetic modification with mixed cropping techniques could be a promising approach to increase sustainability and productivity in agricultural systems, as the fitness cost of stacking transgenes within individuals may thus be avoided. mixed may have lower pathogen levels and thus higher productivity than genetically uniform 5 populations. We used genetically modified (GM) wheat as a model system to test this prediction, 6because it allowed us to use genotypes that differed only in the trait pathogen resistance but were 7 otherwise identical. We grew three such genotypes or lines in monocultures or two-line mixtures. 8Phenotypic measurements were taken at the level of individual plants and of entire plots 9 (population level). We found that resistance to mildew increased with both GM-richness (0, 1 or 2 10Pm3 transgenes with different resistance specificities per plot) and GM-concentration (0, 50 or 11 100% of all plants in a plot with a Pm3 transgene). Plots with two transgenes had 34.6% less 12 mildew infection and as a consequence 7.3% higher seed yield than plots with one transgene. We 13 conclude that combining genetic modification with mixed cropping techniques could be a 14 promising approach to increase sustainability and productivity in agricultural systems, as the 15 fitness cost of stacking transgenes within individuals may thus be avoided. 16 17

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Section: Differences Among Gm Lines 337mentioning

confidence: 87%

Mixtures of genetically modified wheat lines outperform monocultures

Zeller

Kalinina

Flynn

et al. 2012

Ecological Applications

Self Cite

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“…For GM traits, as for any novel gene variation investigation, it has been demonstrated that the effect obtained in a highly controlled environment could differ drastically in more variable growing conditions [19]. We have shown this to be the case for GWD RNAi for overall yield, where the Despite the use of an endosperm-specific promoter, increases in biomass were found for GWD RNAi lines during development in the glasshouse.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Transferring a Biomass Enhancement Biotechnology from Glasshouse to Field: A Case Study on Wheat GWD RNAi

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In glasshouse studies we have previously shown that endosperm-specific RNAi suppression of the primary starch phosphorylation enzyme, Glucan, Water Dikinase (GWD) leads to enhanced early vigor, greater leaf biomass, and increases in both head size and yield. To confirm these affects in a field setting, trials were conducted in three Australian environments. Field results were consistent with those in the glasshouse for increased flag leaf area and rachis nodes. However, there was also a decrease in tiller number and consequently a decrease in yield for one event at two sites. These findings provide potentially important information on plant vigor enhancement and highlight the challenges of transferring the modification of complex traits from single plants in controlled environments to the field.

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“…For Bobwhite and Frisal, each had a transgenic line and its corresponding control line. The transgenic line of Bobwhite (Pm3b#1) carries the transgene Pm3b of hexaploid wheat, which confers race-specific resistance to wheat powdery mildew [6]. The null-segregant line Sb#1 was used as the corresponding control line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid–parasitoid community structure on genetically modified wheat

et al. 2011

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Since the introduction of genetically modified (GM) plants, one of the main concerns has been their potential effect on non-target insects. Many studies have looked at GM plant effects on single non-target herbivore species or on simple herbivore–natural enemy food chains. Agro-ecosystems, however, are characterized by numerous insect species which are involved in complex interactions, forming food webs. In this study, we looked at transgenic disease-resistant wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and its effect on aphid–parasitoid food webs. We hypothesized that the GM of the wheat lines directly or indirectly affect aphids and that these effects cascade up to change the structure of the associated food webs. Over 2 years, we studied different experimental wheat lines under semi-field conditions. We constructed quantitative food webs to compare their properties on GM lines with the properties on corresponding non-transgenic controls. We found significant effects of the different wheat lines on insect community structure up to the fourth trophic level. However, the observed effects were inconsistent between study years and the variation between wheat varieties was as big as between GM plants and their controls. This suggests that the impact of our powdery mildew-resistant GM wheat plants on food web structure may be negligible and potential ecological effects on non-target insects limited.

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Transgene × Environment Interactions in Genetically Modified Wheat

Cited by 82 publications

References 50 publications

Mixtures of genetically modified wheat lines outperform monocultures

Mixtures of genetically modified wheat lines outperform monocultures

Transferring a Biomass Enhancement Biotechnology from Glasshouse to Field: A Case Study on Wheat GWD RNAi

Aphid–parasitoid community structure on genetically modified wheat

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