Transgenerational effects of parent and grandparent gender on offspring development in a biparental beetle species

Lock, Judith E.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0920

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We showed that the offspring phenotype results from a combination of multigenerational effects (grand‐parents, parents and offspring), similar to theoretical and other experimental studies (Burggren, ; Hafer et al, ; Kou et al, ; Lock, ; Prizak et al, ; Shama & Wegner, ; Walsh et al, ). However, in our study, grand‐parental and parental effects acted independently (no significant interaction between grand‐parental and parental environmental effects): Either only one affected the offspring environment (behavior), or in interaction with the offspring environment (within‐X transgenerational plasticity) and in opposite directions (shell thickness).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defences: Combined effects of grand‐parental, parental and current environments

Tariel

Plénet

Luquet

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Phenotypic plasticity can occur across generations (transgenerational plasticity) when environments experienced by the previous generations influenced offspring phenotype. The evolutionary importance of transgenerational plasticity, especially regarding within‐generational plasticity, is a currently hot topic in the plasticity framework. How long an environmental effect can persist across generations and whether multigenerational effects are cumulative are primordial—for the evolutionary significance of transgenerational plasticity—but still unresolved questions. In this study, we investigated how the grand‐parental, parental and offspring exposures to predation cues shape the predator‐induced defences of offspring in the Physa acuta snail. We expected that the offspring phenotypes result from a three‐way interaction among grand‐parental, parental and offspring environments. We exposed three generations of snails without and with predator cues according to a full factorial design and measured offspring inducible defences. We found that both grand‐parental and parental exposures to predator cues impacted offspring antipredator defences, but their effects were not cumulative and depended on the defences considered. We also highlighted that the grand‐parental environment did alter reaction norms of offspring shell thickness, demonstrating an interaction between the grand‐parental transgenerational plasticity and the within‐generational plasticity. We concluded that the effects of multigenerational exposure to predator cues resulted on complex offspring phenotypic patterns which are difficult to relate to adaptive antipredator advantages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defences: Combined effects of grand‐parental, parental and current environments

Tariel

Plénet

Luquet

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Experimental work is increasingly documenting how grandmaternal effects alter life-history (Hafer et al 2011;Lock 2012) or phenotypic (Cropley et al 2006) traits over and above maternal effects, but, to our knowledge, experiments assessing the fitness implications after controlling for multigenerational factors have not yet been performed. As expected under Mendelian inheritance (Galton 1897), Eð WÞ appears more sensitive to changes in m than g during both the transient and new equilibrium phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transgenerational effects are not restricted to the maternal generation, however. Phenotypic "memory", often provoked by environmental factors, can persist for many successive generations (Molinier et al 2006) and may differ depending on the sex of the influencing ancestor (Lock 2012). In particular, levels of grandmaternal nutrition can, over and above maternal effects, alter lifehistory traits in the collembolan Folsomia candida (Hafer et al 2011), obesity in humans (Cropley et al 2006), and mass in white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Mech et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that this maternal effect is therefore an indirect genetic effect because the maternal phenotype is, in part, genetically determined and the inheritance pathway is not via direct genetic transmission (Moore et al 1997;McGlothlin and Brodie 2009). We extend the model in Hoyle and Ezard (2012) to include a linear contribution of the grandmaternal phenotype, captured via an analogous (indirect genetic) grandmaternal effect coef-ficient g. Note that we model an explicit grandmaternal effect, as demonstrated experimentally (Hafer et al 2011;Lock 2012), and not the cumulative consequences of successive maternal effects. We investigate how m and g combine to determine fitness in two environmental scenarios: at equilibrium and in the immediate aftermath of a sudden environmental shift, because a traditional perspective of maternal effects is that they facilitate adaptation to a changing environment (R€ as€ anen and Kruuk 2007; Uller 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fitness consequences of maternal and grandmaternal effects

Prizak

Ezard

Hoyle

2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Transgenerational effects are broader than only parental relationships. Despite mounting evidence that multigenerational effects alter phenotypic and life-history traits, our understanding of how they combine to determine fitness is not well developed because of the added complexity necessary to study them. Here, we derive a quantitative genetic model of adaptation to an extraordinary new environment by an additive genetic component, phenotypic plasticity, maternal and grandmaternal effects. We show how, at equilibrium, negative maternal and negative grandmaternal effects maximize expected population mean fitness. We define negative transgenerational effects as those that have a negative effect on trait expression in the subsequent generation, that is, they slow, or potentially reverse, the expected evolutionary dynamic. When maternal effects are positive, negative grandmaternal effects are preferred. As expected under Mendelian inheritance, the grandmaternal effects have a lower impact on fitness than the maternal effects, but this dual inheritance model predicts a more complex relationship between maternal and grandmaternal effects to constrain phenotypic variance and so maximize expected population mean fitness in the offspring.

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“…grand-parental effect) (e.g. Hafer et al 2011;Herman and Sultan 2011;Kou et al 2011;Lock 2012;Walsh et al 2014). However, it is unclear how multigenerational effects can interact (Prizak et al 2014) and experimental works controlling for combination of multigenerational effects always showed complex patterns of phenotypic offspring responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defenses: combined effects of grand-parental, parental and current environments

Tariel

Plénet

Luquet

2019

Preprint

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While an increasing number of studies highlights that parental environment shapes offspring phenotype (transgenerational plasticity TGP), TGP beyond the parental generation has received less attention.Studies suggest that TGP impacts population dynamics and evolution of phenotype, but these impacts will depend on how long an environmental effect can persist across generations and whether multigenerational effects are cumulative. Here we tested the impact of both grand-parental and parental environments on offspring reaction norm in a prey-predator system. We exposed three generations of Physa acuta snails without and with predator-cues according to a full factorial design and measured offspring inducible defenses. We found that both grand-parental and parental exposure to predator cues impacted offspring anti-predator defenses, but their effects were not cumulative and depended on the defenses considered. We also highlighted that grand-parental environment could alter reaction norm of offspring shell thickness, demonstrating a grand-parental TGP and WGP interaction. We called for more studies covering the combine effects of multigenerational environments.

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Transgenerational effects of parent and grandparent gender on offspring development in a biparental beetle species

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defences: Combined effects of grand‐parental, parental and current environments

Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defences: Combined effects of grand‐parental, parental and current environments

Fitness consequences of maternal and grandmaternal effects

Transgenerational plasticity of inducible defenses: combined effects of grand-parental, parental and current environments

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