Transient cross-wind aerodynamic loads on a generic vehicle due to bora gusts

Kozmar, Hrvoje; Butler, Kyle; Kareem, Ahsan

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2012.09.001

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The wind engineering aspects of the bora wind were inspected in great details by Kozmar et al . (), Kozmar et al . (), Kozmar et al .…”

Section: Characteristics Of Local Winds In the Balkanssupporting

confidence: 50%

Local winds of Balkan Peninsula

Romanić

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The Mediterranean is characterized with a large number of local winds. One region in the Mediterranean—the Balkan Peninsula or simply the Balkans—is particularly rich with local winds of different types including downslope and upslope winds, gap flows, and thermally induced breezes from land to sea and vice versa. This study presents the first comprehensive review of all currently known local winds in the Balkans, with coastal winds reviewed separately from inland winds. Besides providing the main climatological and dynamics characteristics of these winds, this paper also hints on the existence of various connections between several local winds that have not been reported previously. In total, this article lists 27 different local winds above the Balkans with 17 and 10 being coastal and inland winds, respectively. By far, the most researched local wind in the Balkans has been the Adriatic bora that blows along the Croatian coast. Interestingly, there are more papers investigating bora than the number of studies on all other winds in the Balkans. Local winds over the Adriatic have been explored more than the winds above the Aegean, and these, in turn, were investigated more often than the winds that blow over the Ionian and Black Seas. The most researched inland wind is the koshava wind that blows over the northern and central Serbia. Typical synoptic situations for most local winds are also provided with the note that the synoptic precursors of few local winds have not previously been documented. Lastly, this article discusses the prospects for further research in this field with the emphasis on the investigation of potential relationships between different local winds in this region.

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“…The wind engineering aspects of the bora wind were inspected in great details by Kozmar et al . (), Kozmar et al . (), Kozmar et al .…”

Section: Characteristics Of Local Winds In the Balkanssupporting

confidence: 50%

Local winds of Balkan Peninsula

Romanić

2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Significant variations of the Bora wind higher-order statistical moments, corresponding to the Bora characteristic gustiness (e.g. Grisogono and Belušić 2009, Kozmar et al 2012a, Večenaj et al 2012, are the typical properties of the general Bora flows (Poje 1992, 2007. 14 m/s, these may be related to either Bora rapid and short tranisence, or to a totally different, thermally driven, katabatic flow type Belušić 2009, Grisogono et al 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, Bora is a very strong, commonly dry and always gusty wind, which significantly influences optimal functioning of transportation networks, the agriculture, local wind energy yield as well as the fatigue of energy structures (e.g. Kozmar et al 2012aKozmar et al , 2012bKozmar et al , 2014Kozmar et al , 2015. While previous geophysical and meteorological studies laid ground on the macro-and meso-scale features of the Bora, (Jurčec 1981, Smith 1987, Grubišić 2004, Grisogono and Belušić 2009, further work is necessary to fully elucidate Bora turbulence in a form usable for wind engineers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-ground turbulence of the Bora wind in summertime

Lepri

Večenaj

Kozmar

et al. 2015

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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Bora is a strong, temporally and spatially variable downslope wind that blows along the Eastern Adriatic Coast and many other dynamically similar places around the world. Bora mean velocity rarely exceeds 20 m/s, while its strong gusts create significant problems for engineering structures, traffic and agriculture. Previous meteorological and geophysical studies laid foundations on Bora large-and mesoscale motions, but further research is necessary to fully understand and resolve Bora turbulence in a form usable for engineers. In this study, unique high-frequency measurements, carried out simultaneously in three heights on a meteorological tower in the hinterland of the city of Split, Croatia, are analyzed for a single summertime Bora episode. Time histories and vertical profiles are studied for turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress and turbulence length scales in comparison with values recommended in major international wind engineering standards. Turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress proved to be not that sensitive to meandering of the mean wind velocity, as the observed values remain within the same range during the time record. This trend applies on mean wind velocities larger than 5 m/s, as for smaller velocities the spread of values increases considerably. Turbulence length scales are observed to increase with increasing mean wind velocity and vice versa. With increasing height from the ground, turbulence intensity and absolute Reynolds shear stress decrease, turbulence length scales increase, all in agreement with the atmospheric physics. However, while turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress and longitudinal turbulence length scales generally agree well with the values recommended in international standards for the respective terrain type,

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“…Due to its transient and gusty nature bora is expected to cause larger fatigue on offshore wind turbines in comparison to onshore wind turbines, as it previously proved to cause many problems in traffic, [37,38]. Bora's average wind velocity is rarely larger than 17 m/s [39], while the wind gusts can reach up to 70 m/s [40].…”

Section: Wind Properties In the Croatian Part Of The Adriatic Seamentioning

confidence: 99%