Transient Fluid Flow Phenomena in a Gas Stirred Liquid Bath with Top Oil Layer—Approach by Numerical Simulation and Water Model Experiments

Abstract

Table 2. Number of bubbles generated at various gas flow rates-converted based on the calculation of gas flow rate divided by the volume of bubble.

Mixing Models for Slag Covered, Argon Stirred Ladles

“…[5][6][7][8] Not all such measurements can however be applied here to evaluate the adequacy of Eq. (16), since energy input regimes, degree and definition of mixing etc.…”

“…This is rather well known and has been experimentally confirmed by many independent groups of researchers. [5][6][7][8] In contrast, physical properties of the upper phase liquid is likely to exert much less influence on bulk flow 10,15) and hence, on mixing. These together with our measurements of mixing time in the presence of four different types of upper phase liquids (viz., Table 4) appear to indicate that while interfacial tension is likely to play a less important role (i.e., droplet formation, deformation of the interface etc.…”

“…Thus, in the absence of any upper phase liquid, mixing time has been expressed as a function of the operating variables according to The functional relationship expressed via Eq. (1) is likely to be inadequate for slag covered ladles since liquid flow 14) and mixing [5][6][7][8] are known to be different and somewhat sluggish in the presence of an upper phase liquid. Consequently, one might be tempted here to generalize the above to a slag covered ladle considering additional variables, representing primarily the characteristics of the upper phase, according to:…”

“…[2][3][4] Furthermore, practically all the macroscopic mixing models reported so far were derived for "slag-free" situation in which, the presence of an upper phase liquid was entirely ignored. Despite a few studies on mixing time with a simulated slag, [5][6][7][8] explicit mixing time correlations applicable to slag covered, gas stirred ladles have not been possible till date.…”

Research on New Technology of Semi-steel Dephosphorization in Ladle Based on Water Simulation Experiment

“…Determination of mixing time.The two electrodes are placed in two different positions at the bottom of ladle model.The saturated KCl solution is used as the tracer,each furnace 50ml.Through the observation and comparison of two electrode conductivity curve,the time when the two curves are stabilized and begin of coincidence is the end mixing time [3][4] .…”