Transient simultaneous heat and mass transfer model to estimate drying time in a wetted fur of a cow

Chen, Elizabeth; Narayanan, Vinod; Pistochini, Theresa; Rasouli, Erfan

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.04.011

Cited by 8 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Under hot-humid summer conditions, a higher rate of cutaneous evaporation (Fat-Halla, 1975) may be an important factor that impacts the better adaptation of Baladi × Friesian crossbred than pure Friesian dairy cows in hothumid summer. However, skin cooling with sprinklers in combination with sufficient ventilation is a preferable solution for skin evaporative heat loss when the sweating rate is lesser than the potential evaporation rate, especially in dry climates (Chen et al, 2020). Thus, showering cows was more effective in reducing skin temperature than shadealone cows during the experimental period.…”

Section: Thermoregulatory Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relief of The Impact of Heat Stress on Friesian and Cross-Bred Friesian Dairy Cows by Water Showering under Egyptian Hot Humid Summer Conditions in Nile Delta

Shaarawy,

Wafa,

Mehany

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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The present study aimed to evaluate the response of lactating purebred Friesian cows and crossbred Friesian with Baladi cows during hot-humid Egyptian summer conditions to showering. The experimental work was carried out during June -August. Ten Friesian and ten crossbred Friesian × Baladi dairy cows were used and assigned randomly into four treatment groups: two control groups of cows had access only to shade (Friesian cows and crossbred Friesian cows; S), and two groups were provided showers (Friesian cows and crossbred Friesian cows; S + S). The maximum THI throughout the experimental work was 80.43 to 85.22. Showered cows were taken to a holding pen daily to be cooled. Concentrations of TSH, T3, T4, IGF-1, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, ALP, Na, K, and milk production were significantly (P<0.01) increased, while, serum cortisol, prolactin, creatinine, AST, ALT and thermoregulatory traits (rectal temperature; RT, respiration and pulse rate (RR; PR), and skin temperature; ST were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in showering than shaded only Friesian and crossbred Friesian cows. Despite crossbred Friesian-Baladi dairy cows displaying more tolerance for heat through attained better parameters for thermoregulatory, endocrinal, and biochemistry and milk production, the amount of improvement of purebred Friesian dairy cows by showering enables cows to express some of their genetic potentials which impeded by the heat stress. Thus, showering can be used to lessen the impact of hot-humid Egyptian summer conditions in the Nile Delta on heat-sensitive exotic purebred dairy cows.

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Section: Thermoregulatory Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relief of The Impact of Heat Stress on Friesian and Cross-Bred Friesian Dairy Cows by Water Showering under Egyptian Hot Humid Summer Conditions in Nile Delta

Shaarawy,

Wafa,

Mehany

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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“…In this situation, only higher AV would not help to dissipate heat if the RH and ambient T are both too high, as seen in subtropical regions. Skin cooling with sprinklers in combination with forced ventilation is a preferable solution for skin evaporative heat dissipation when sweating rate is lower than the potential evaporation rate, especially in dry climates (Chen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Heat Loss From Skin Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of increasing air temperature on skin and respiration heat loss from dairy cows at different relative humidity and air velocity levels

Zhou

Huynh

Koerkamp

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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The focus of this study was to identify the effects of increasing ambient temperature (T) at different relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (AV) levels on heat loss from the skin surface and through respiration of dairy cows. Twenty Holstein dairy cows with an average parity of 2.0 ± 0.7 and body weight of 687 ± 46 kg participated in the study. Two climate-controlled respiration chambers were used. The experimental indoor climate was programmed to follow a diurnal pattern with ambient T at night being 9°C lower than during the day. Night ambient T was gradually increased from 7 to 21°C and day ambient T was increased from 16 to 30°C within an 8-d period, both with an incremental change of 2°C per day. A diurnal pattern for RH was created as well, with low values during the day and high values during the night (low: RH_l = 30-50%; medium: RH_m = 45-70%; and high: RH_h = 60-90%). The effects of AV were studied during daytime at 3 levels (no fan: AV_l = 0.1 m/s; fan at medium speed: AV_m = 1.0 m/s; and fan at high speed: AV_h = 1.5 m/s). The AV_m and AV_h were combined only with RH_m. In total, there were 5 treatments with 4 replicates (cows) for each. Effects of short and long exposure time to warm condition were evaluated by collecting data 2 times a day, in the morning (short: 1-h exposure time) and afternoon (long: 8-h exposure time). The cows were allowed to adapt to the experimental conditions during 3 d before the main 8-d experimental period. The cows had free access to feed and water. Sensible heat loss (SHL) and latent heat loss (LHL) from the skin surface were measured using a ventilated skin box placed on the belly of the cow. These heat losses from respiration were measured with a face mask covering the cow's nose and mouth. The results showed that skin SHL decreased with increasing ambient T and the decreasing rate was not affected by RH or AV. The average skin SHL, however, was higher under medium and high AV levels, whereas it was similar under different RH levels. The skin LHL increased with increasing ambient T. There was no effect of RH on the increasing rate of LHL with ambient T. A larger increasing rate of skin LHL with ambient T was observed at high AV level compared with the other levels. Both RH and AV had no significant effects on respiration SHL or LHL. The cows lost more skin sensible heat and total respiration heat under long exposure than short exposure. When ambient T was below 20°C the total LHL (skin + respiration) represented approx. 50% of total heat loss, whereas above 28°C the LHL accounted for more than 70% of the total heat loss. Respiration heat loss increased by 34 and 24% under short and long exposures when ambient T rose from 16 to 32°C.

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“…Some researchers have modelled the behaviour of heat exchange with stationary models [9,10], also considering latent heat exchange, without giving any indication of the drying time of the fur. Chen et al in [11] improved previous works by developing a transient model to predict the drying time of the fur under varying conditions. They also presented a parametric algorithm to directly control a cooling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to these reasons, the research did not propose any models to simulate the wetting phase. In fact, Chen et al [11], in predicting the wetting phase, declared that it occurs in a few seconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Active Drying Sensor to Drive Dairy Cow Sprinkling Cooling Systems

Liberati

2023

Sustainability

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The use of sprinkling with ventilation to cool dairy cows is considered an appropriate practice to reduce the negative effects of heat stress. However, due to climate change, water will increasingly become a limited resource, so we need to make water use more and more efficient. For this purpose, an active drying sensor has been developed in order to time the sprinkling cooling system. The sensor reproduces the thermal response of a cow, considering both sensible and latent heat exchange, and is located in the feeding alley, about two meters above the floor. This allows the fabric of the sensor (simulating the fur) to be wetted by the sprinkler, and blown by the fan. The water content of the sensor fabric during the drying time is monitored by measuring its electrical conductivity, allowing the estimation of the time the fur becomes dry. Another two specifically designed instruments are presented, the first to estimate the fur’s water content after spraying, and the second to detect the time the fur became dry. Sensor output, interpreted through a simplified model, gave a predicted drying time with an error ranging between −11.4% and +14.8% (R2 = 0.789). In the commercial barn where the experiments were conducted, the use of the sensor allowed an estimated reduction in water consumption of about 57%, with respect to the fixed timing normally used. As a perspective, the sensor could be used to assess cows’ heat stress level.

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Transient simultaneous heat and mass transfer model to estimate drying time in a wetted fur of a cow

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Relief of The Impact of Heat Stress on Friesian and Cross-Bred Friesian Dairy Cows by Water Showering under Egyptian Hot Humid Summer Conditions in Nile Delta

Relief of The Impact of Heat Stress on Friesian and Cross-Bred Friesian Dairy Cows by Water Showering under Egyptian Hot Humid Summer Conditions in Nile Delta

Effects of increasing air temperature on skin and respiration heat loss from dairy cows at different relative humidity and air velocity levels

An Active Drying Sensor to Drive Dairy Cow Sprinkling Cooling Systems

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