Transistor-Based Biomolecule Sensors: Recent Technological Advancements and Future Prospects

Neuromorphic circuits emulating the bio‐brain functionality via artificial devices have achieved a substantial scientific leap in the past decade. However, even with the advent of highly advanced bio‐inspired algorithms, the artificial intelligence based on current neuromorphic circuits is lagging behind significantly when compared with naturally evolved biological neural circuits. This massive and intriguing discrepancy is partly due to the incomprehensive understanding of bio‐brain operating mechanism, which relies heavily on the extremely complexed entangled 3D hierarchical neural networks. Configuring 3D neuromorphic hardware with combined computing and memory functionalities, coupled with compatible progress of software algorithms, can be an inevitable route to surmount the limitation encountered by current 2D artificial circuits. Herein, referring to the neuron configuration in 3D perspective together with detailed signal generation and propagation mechanism, the von Neumann configuration is compared with state‐of‐the‐art in‐memory computing architecture, and the development and perspectives of 3D in‐memory computing neuromorphic circuits are highlighted.

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Bio‐Inspired 3D Artificial Neuromorphic Circuits

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanoribbons as advanced nanomaterials for facile detection and efficient removal of heavy metals: a comprehensive review

Nagar,

Sharma,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Engineered Two-Dimensional Nanostructures as SERS Substrates for Biomolecule Sensing: A Review

2023

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Two-dimensional nanostructures (2DNS) attract tremendous interest and have emerged as potential materials for a variety of applications, including biomolecule sensing, due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tuneable optical and electronic properties. Advancements in the engineering of 2DNS and associated technologies have opened up new opportunities. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a rapid, highly sensitive, non-destructive analytical technique with exceptional signal amplification potential. Several structurally and chemically engineered 2DNS with added advantages (e.g., π–π* interaction), over plasmonic SERS substrates, have been developed specifically towards biomolecule sensing in a complex matrix, such as biological fluids. This review focuses on the recent developments of 2DNS-SERS substrates for biomolecule sensor applications. The recent advancements in engineered 2DNS, particularly for SERS substrates, have been systematically surveyed. In SERS substrates, 2DNS are used as either a standalone signal enhancer or as support for the dispersion of plasmonic nanostructures. The current challenges and future opportunities in this synergetic combination have also been discussed. Given the prospects in the design and preparation of newer 2DNS, this review can give a critical view on the current status, challenges and opportunities to extrapolate their applications in biomolecule detection.

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Transistor-Based Biomolecule Sensors: Recent Technological Advancements and Future Prospects

Cited by 3 publications

References 194 publications

Bio‐Inspired 3D Artificial Neuromorphic Circuits

Bio‐Inspired 3D Artificial Neuromorphic Circuits

Nanoribbons as advanced nanomaterials for facile detection and efficient removal of heavy metals: a comprehensive review

Engineered Two-Dimensional Nanostructures as SERS Substrates for Biomolecule Sensing: A Review

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