Transition Detection at Cryogenic Temperatures Using a Carbon-Based Resistive Heating Layer Coupled with Temperature Sensitive Paint

Watkins, A. Neal; Goodman, Kyle Z.; Peak, Sarah M.

doi:10.2514/6.2019-2191

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The heating layer enables stable tunnel conditions during data acquisition and reduces LN2 consumption, thus providing significant data quality improvements and cost saving over the LN2 injection method. Details on the development and application of this carbon-based resistive heating layer used during the CRM-NLF test can be found in previously published reports [10,26].…”

Section: B Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Findings from the Common Research Model Natural Laminar Flow Wind Tunnel Test

Lynde

Campbell

Viken

2019

AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum

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An experimental investigation of the Common Research Model with Natural Laminar Flow (CRM-NLF) took place in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) at the NASA Langley Research Center in 2018. The 5.2% scale semispan model was designed using a new natural laminar flow design method, Crossflow Attenuated NLF (CATNLF). CATNLF enables laminar flow on typical transport wings with high sweep and Reynolds number by reshaping the wing airfoils to obtain specific pressure distribution characteristics that control the crossflow growth near the leading edge. The CATNLF method also addresses Tollmien-Schlichting transition, attachment line transition, and Görtler vortices. During the wind tunnel test, data were acquired to address three primary test objectives: validate the CATNLF design method, characterize the NTF laminar flow testing capabilities, and establish best practices for laminar flow wind tunnel testing. The present paper provides both experimental and computational data to understand the CRM-NLF laminar flow characteristics, as well as address the three primary test objectives. The effects of angle of attack and Reynolds number on the CRM-NLF laminar flow extent are studied, and the dominant transition mechanism is evaluated at a variety of test conditions. Critical N-factors are calculated for the NTF environment, and a discussion on best practices for laminar flow wind tunnel testing is provided. The CRM-NLF in the NTF provided initial confirmation of the ability of the CATNLF method to suppress crossflow growth and enable significant extents of laminar flow on transport wings with high sweep and Reynolds numbers.

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Section: B Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Findings from the Common Research Model Natural Laminar Flow Wind Tunnel Test

Lynde

Campbell

Viken

2019

AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum

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“…For the same purpose, an alternative formulation was prepared using the two ruthenium complexes Ru(trpy) 2 and Ru(bpy) 3 [226]. The ruthenium terpyridine complex Ru(trpy) showed good temperature sensitivity down to 100 K, but its luminescence was highly quenched at ambient temperatures.…”

Section: Temperature-sensitive Paintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Art of Fluorescence Imaging with Chemical Sensors: The Next Decade 2012–2022

Schäferling,

Ondrus

2024

Chemosensors

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Imaging methods by the means of optical sensors are applied in diverse scientific areas such as medical research and diagnostics, aerodynamics, environmental analysis, or marine research. After a general introduction to the field, this review is focused on works published between 2012 and 2022. The covered topics include planar sensors (optrodes), nanoprobes, and sensitive coatings. Advanced sensor materials combined with imaging technologies enable the visualization of parameters which exhibit no intrinsic color or fluorescence, such as oxygen, pH, CO2, H2O2, Ca2+, or temperature. The progress on the development of multiple sensors and methods for referenced signal read out is also highlighted, as is the recent progress in device design and application formats using model systems in the lab or methods for measurements’ in the field.

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“…The temperature sensitive paint (TSP) images have been obtained during the test campaign in the National Transonic Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center using different transition detection approaches and image-enhancement methods [3]. For transition detection a heating layer approach has been used which has been supported by the results of a more traditional temperature step method.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For transition detection a heating layer approach has been used which has been supported by the results of a more traditional temperature step method. Due to a reduced contrast in the images, a Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization technique has been applied to the images of the heating layer approach [3]. Transition lines have been determined by visual inspection of the experimental TSP images from both transition detection approaches.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments, also aiming at evaluating best practices for laminar flow testing and the general suitability of the National Transonic Facility for laminar flow investigations, where carried out for the flow around a semi-span model of the Common Research Model with Natural Laminar Flow (CRM-NLF). Experimental transition locations have been documented during the tests using temperature sensitive paint (TSP) images by applying different methods, namely a temperature step method and a heating layer approach [3]. The experimental results for the Mach number M = 0.856 and the Reynolds number Re MAC = 15 × 10 6 based on the mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) at the angles of attack α = 1.5°, 2.0°, 2.5°, and 3.0°are used in the present work to extract transition lines for the different flow conditions and to determine critical N-factors for the CRM-NLF wing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Critical N-Factors for the CRM-NLF Wing

Krimmelbein¹,

Krumbein²

2021

Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design

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Temperature sensitive paint images from a wind tunnel campaign for the CRM-NLF geometry are used to extract experimental transition lines to be used to determine critical N-factors based on incompressible and compressible linear stability theory. Based on the e N -method, transition locations are subsequently predicted for different flow conditions using RANS computations and the results are compared to the experiment.

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Transition Detection at Cryogenic Temperatures Using a Carbon-Based Resistive Heating Layer Coupled with Temperature Sensitive Paint

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Additional Findings from the Common Research Model Natural Laminar Flow Wind Tunnel Test

Additional Findings from the Common Research Model Natural Laminar Flow Wind Tunnel Test

The Art of Fluorescence Imaging with Chemical Sensors: The Next Decade 2012–2022

Determination of Critical N-Factors for the CRM-NLF Wing

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